Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum. Caulis Sinomenii is the dried plant stems of Sinomenium acutum and Sinomenium acutum var. cinereum and has been used in Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic diseases for over a thousand years. Sinomenine possesses the anti-arthritic effect, that may be related to the suppression of both Th1 (T-helper 1) and Th2 immune responses, also this potential drug can be used to treat allergic rhinitis, and the mechanism may rely on the improvements of the Th1/Th2 imbalance. In addition, Sinomenine displays antinociceptive activity, possibly through activation of the μ-opioid receptor. Also was discovered, sinomenine significantly improves cardiac function in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to the deactivation of NF-κB and the blockade of inflammatory cytokine-mediated immune reactions.

Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum. Caulis Sinomenii is the dried plant stems of Sinomenium acutum and Sinomenium acutum var. cinereum and has been used in Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic diseases for over a thousand years. Sinomenine possesses the anti-arthritic effect, that may be related to the suppression of both Th1 (T-helper 1) and Th2 immune responses, also this potential drug can be used to treat allergic rhinitis, and the mechanism may rely on the improvements of the Th1/Th2 imbalance. In addition, Sinomenine displays antinociceptive activity, possibly through activation of the μ-opioid receptor. Also was discovered, sinomenine significantly improves cardiac function in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to the deactivation of NF-κB and the blockade of inflammatory cytokine-mediated immune reactions.

Oliceridine (TRV-130) is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist. In cell-based assays, TRV130 elicits robust G protein signaling, with potency and efficacy similar to morphine, but with far less β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization. In rodents, TRV130 is potently analgesic while causing less gastrointestinal dysfunction and respiratory suppression than morphine at equianalgesic doses. Oliceridine is being developed by Trevena for the first-line treatment of moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain. Phase III development is underway for the treatment of postoperative pain in the US. Phase II development is underway for the treatment of acute pain in the US.