Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily biodegradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Its ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:ln9) and erucic acid (22:1n9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression. While studies done on laboratory animals in the early 1970s show that erucic acid appears to have toxic effects on the heart at high enough doses, an association between the consumption of rapeseed oil and increased myocardial lipidosis, or heart disease, has not been established for humans. While there are reports of toxicity from long-term use of Lorenzo's oil (which contains erucic acid and other ingredients), there are no reports of harm to people from dietary consumption of erucic acid. In 2003, Food Standards Australia set a provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for an average adult of about 500 mg/day of erucic acid, extrapolated based on "the level that is associated with increased myocardial lipidosis in nursing pigs."

Hypolipidemic agent, Nicomol is an ingredient of Cholexamin in Japan. Cholexamin, a lipid metabolism and peripheral circulation improving agent, was launched by KYORIN Pharmaceutical in 1971. It is indicated for the treatment of hyperlipemia, improvement in peripheral circulatory disorder resulting from the following diseases Chilblain, limb arterial occlusive disease (obstructive thromboarteritis and arteriosclerosis obliterans), Raynaud syndrome.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.

Levocarnitine propionate or Propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) is the propionyl ester of L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the drug may also be beneficial. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves coagulative fibrinolytic homeostasis in vasal endothelium and positively affects blood viscosity. It exhibits a high affinity for the muscle enzyme, carnitine acyl transferase, and as such readily converts into propionyl-CoA and free carnitine. Most studies of the therapeutic use of PLC are focused on the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertrophic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. PLC is marketed under the trade name Dromos®. It is indicated for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disorders and for exercise intolerance enhancement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Dromos is marketed in Italy.