BAY 60-7550, a selective phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor (PDE2-A), presents memory-enhancing and anxiolytic-like properties. The behavioral effects of BAY 60-7550 have been associated with its ability to prevent hydrolysis of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) thereby interfering with neuronal plasticity. cAMP and cGMP are important mediators of signal transduction and hence a wide range of cellular processes including synaptic plasticity and vasodilation. Type 2 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE2) isoforms inactivate cAMP and cGMP by hydrolyzing the phosphodiester bond. It was shown, that BAY-60-7550 antagonized oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavioral effects in mice by increasing cGMP signaling.

Zaldaride is a calmodulin antagonist known to produce inhibition of calmodulin-dependent voltage-gated ion channels including those of Ca2 , Na , and K . Zaldaride was also observed to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel currents. Zaldaride has been studied in clinical trials as a potential treatment for travelers diarrhea.

Zaldaride is a calmodulin antagonist known to produce inhibition of calmodulin-dependent voltage-gated ion channels including those of Ca2 , Na , and K . Zaldaride was also observed to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel currents. Zaldaride has been studied in clinical trials as a potential treatment for travelers diarrhea.