Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Pexidartinib binds to and inhibits phosphorylation of stem cell factor receptor (KIT), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and down-modulation of macrophages, osteoclasts and mast cells involved in the osteolytic metastatic disease. FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to pexidartinib (PLX3397) for the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) where surgical removal of the tumor would be associated with potentially worsening functional limitation or severe morbidity. In addition to Breakthrough Therapy Designation, pexidartinib (PLX3397) has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by FDA for the treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS). It also has received Orphan Designation from the European Commission for the treatment of TGCT.

Doravirine (MK-1439) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (NNRTI). It displays excellent activities against not only WT viruses but also a broader panel of NNRTI-resistant viruses. Doravirine is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Doravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Tafenoquine is anti-malaria drug originated in Walter reed army institute of research and developed by GSK and 60 Degrees Pharmaceuticals. In 2018 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved single dose tafenoquine for the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Tafenoquine, an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial, is active against all the stages of Plasmodium species that include the hypnozoite (dormant stage) in the liver. Studies in vitro with the erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium falciparum suggest that tafenoquine may exert its effect by inhibiting hematin polymerization and inducing apoptotic like death of the parasite. In addition to its effect on the parasite, tafenoquine causes red blood cell shrinkage in vitro. Tafenoquine is active against pre-erythrocytic (liver) and erythrocytic (asexual) forms as well as gametocytes of Plasmodium species that include P. falciparum and P. vivax. The activity of tafenoquine against the pre-erythrocytic liver stages of the parasite, prevents the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite.

Binimetinib (MEK162) is an oral small-molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. It is a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor, a key protein kinase in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, which regulates several key cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival and angiogenesis. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has been shown to occur in many cancers, in particular through mutations in BRAF, KRAS and NRAS. MEK162 at 6 mg/kg, BID combined with BEZ235 (dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth in immunodeficient mice injected with MCF7 cells. There are three ongoing Phase 3 trials with binimetinib in advanced cancer patients: NEMO (NRAS-mutant melanoma), COLUMBUS (encorafenib in combination with binimetinib in BRAF-mutant melanoma) and BEACON CRC (encorafenib, binimetinib and cetuximab in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer).

Lorlatinib is an investigational medicine that inhibits the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS1 proto-oncogene. Lorlatinib was specifically designed to inhibit tumor mutations that drive resistance to other ALK inhibitors. Lorlatinib has in vitro activity against ALK and number of other tyrosine kinase receptor related targets including ROS1, TYK1, FER, FPS, TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, FAK, FAK2, and ACK. Lorlatinib demonstrated in vitro activity against multiple mutant forms of the ALK enzyme, including some mutations detected in tumors at the time of disease progression on crizotinib and other ALK inhibitors. Moreover, lorlatinib possesses the capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to reach and treat progressive or worsening brain metastases as well. Lorlatinib is a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) indicated for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease has progressed on a) the prior use of crizotinib and at least one other ALK inhibitor for metastatic disease, or b) the prior use of alectinib as the first ALK inhibitor therapy for metastatic disease, or c) the prior use of certinib as the first ALK inhibitor therapy for metastatic disease.

Baricitinib (trade name Olumiant) is an investigational drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), being developed by Incyte and Eli Lilly. Baricitinib is a selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.9 nM and 5.7 nM in cell-free assays. In February 2017 Baricitinib was approved for use in the European Union as a second-line therapy for moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adults, either alone or in combination with methotrexate. On 31 May 2018 FDA approved Barictinib for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies.

Larotrectinib (previously known as ARRY-470 and LOXO-101) is a potent, oral and selective investigational new drug in clinical development for the treatment of patients with cancers that harbor abnormalities involving the tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs). Larotrectinib is in phase II clinical trials for the treatment patients with solid tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and for the pediatric patients with advanced solid or primary CNS tumors.

Ivosidenib (AG-120) is an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) This experimental drug inhibits mutant IDH1, leading to increased differentiation and decreased proliferation in IDH1 positive tumors and thus is thought to be promising for the treatment of IDH1-mutated tumors. In vivo treatment with AG-120 of TF-1 cells, primary human AML patient samples expressing mutant IDH1 and primary human blast cells cultured ex vivo showed that AG-120 is effective at lowering 2-HG levels and restoring cellular differentiation. It showed promising results in a phase I trial in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and is being evaluated in Phase III in previously-treated subjects with nonresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an IDH1 mutation.

Baloxavir or Baloxavir acid was developed by Shionogi and Co., Ltd as a selective inhibitor of the cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) activity. CEN resides in the PA subunit of the influenza virus and mediates the critical "cap-snatching" step of viral RNA transcription. Thus Baloxavir can inhibit the influenza virus replication and now this drug is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04327791 (Combination Therapy With Baloxavir and Oseltamavir 1 for Hospitalized Patients With Influenza).

Bictegravir is a component of the fixed-dose combination product bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIKTARVY®), which received marketing approval for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in February 2018. Bictegravir inhibits the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase, an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the integration of linear HIV-1 DNA into host genomic DNA, blocking the formation of the HIV-1 provirus and propagation of the virus.