Muscone is the key flavor component of musk that is one of the most popular natural perfumes. Muscone is a promising agent for treating intervertebral disc degeneration through its anti-inflammatory effects. Musk distributing into the brain through blood brain barrier provides the basis for its effect in treating brain disorders. Muscone may be a small active molecule with neuroprotective properties, and that inhibition of apoptosis and Fas is an important mechanism of neuroprotection by muscone. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for muscone in the treatment of stroke. Muscone has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes, indicating that muscone may potentially provide therapeutic benefit in ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.