Abietic acid (AA), a diterpene produced by conifer species, such as grand fir and lodgepole pine, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can be used as a wound-healing agent. Its treatment elevates cell migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells by the activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs. In addition was shown, that abietic acid could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy. AA acts as a PPARα/γ dual activator to inhibit age-related inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and can be a useful agent for improving skin photoaging.

Abietic acid (AA), a diterpene produced by conifer species, such as grand fir and lodgepole pine, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can be used as a wound-healing agent. Its treatment elevates cell migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells by the activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs. In addition was shown, that abietic acid could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy. AA acts as a PPARα/γ dual activator to inhibit age-related inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and can be a useful agent for improving skin photoaging.