Daidzein, an isoflavonoid phytoestrogenic compound found in soybeans, possesses various biological properties. It may induce apoptosis of choriocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, in addition, it promotes proliferation and differentiation in osteoblastic OCT1 cells via activation of the BMP-2/Smads pathway. Daidzein exerts neuroprotective effects through the novel extranuclear GPR30 and the classical transcriptionally acting ERβ.

Glycitein is an orally active flavonoid, which possesses estrogenic activity. It was discovered, that glycitein suppresses osteoclast generation and induces osteoclast apoptosis and exerts bone beneficial effects.