Rimeporide (EMD-87580) is an Na/H-exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor and was initially developed for heart failure. This compound reduces the development of both necrosis and hypertrophy, and it was shown to prevent early death in hereditary cardiomyopathy. Rimeporide regulates sodium, pH, calcium overload, reduces inflammation in several muscles, and decreases skeletal, diaphragm and cardiac fibrosis, and muscle cell degeneration. It was therefore further developed as a drug for treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies. Rimeporide is expected to act as a muscle-sparing agent. A phase I study has been completed in 2018.

Eniporide belongs to the new class of drugs that specifically inhibit the Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) isoform, which is the predominant isoform in the cardiac myocytes. Extensive preclinical studies, in vitro and in animals, have suggested that NHE inhibition with eniporide before the onset of ischemia is a very effective and reproducible means of limiting the extent of infarction and that this agent provides protective benefit even when given just before reperfusion. Eniporide had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Administration of the eniporide, before reperfusion therapy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, did not limit infarct size or improve clinical outcome.

p-Chlorobenzoic acid is a major metabolite of analgesic agent zomepirac sodium in rat (present as conjugates) and mouse and a minor one in monkey and man. It is a metabolite of antidepressant Lofepramine hydrochloride, and anxiolytic and a muscle relaxant Chlormezanone too. Sodium salt of p-Chlorobenzoic acid is used as a preservative. p-Chlorobenzoic acid may prove useful clinically to prevent and reverse the accumulation of toxic levels of acyl- and arylCoA esters. If the hepatic damage in Reye’s Syndrome is due to the dead-end formation of the CoA esters of acyl- and aryl-CoA esters, then p-chlorobenzoic acid may block their formation, thereby relieving the inhibitions of gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis and preventing some of the damage to the liver.

p-Chlorobenzoic acid is a major metabolite of analgesic agent zomepirac sodium in rat (present as conjugates) and mouse and a minor one in monkey and man. It is a metabolite of antidepressant Lofepramine hydrochloride, and anxiolytic and a muscle relaxant Chlormezanone too. Sodium salt of p-Chlorobenzoic acid is used as a preservative. p-Chlorobenzoic acid may prove useful clinically to prevent and reverse the accumulation of toxic levels of acyl- and arylCoA esters. If the hepatic damage in Reye’s Syndrome is due to the dead-end formation of the CoA esters of acyl- and aryl-CoA esters, then p-chlorobenzoic acid may block their formation, thereby relieving the inhibitions of gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis and preventing some of the damage to the liver.