Fosnetupitant is a prodrug form of netupitant. Netupitant is a selective antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors. Upon intravenous administration, fosnetupitant is converted by phosphatases to its active form. It competitively binds to and blocks the activity of NK-1 receptors in the central nervous system, by inhibiting binding of substance P (SP) to NK-1 receptors. This prevents delayed emesis, which is associated with SP secretion. AKYNZEO® is a combination of palonosetron, a serotonin-3 receptor antagonist, and netupitant (capsules for oral use) or fosnetupitant (injections for intravenous use). AKYNZEO® for injection is indicated in combination with dexamethasone in adults for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.

Olodaterol is a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist discovered by Boehringer Ingelheim and approved for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The compound exerts its pharmacological effects by binding and activation of beta2-adrenoceptors after inhalation. Activation of these receptors in the airways results in a stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that mediates the synthesis of cyclic-3’, 5’ adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Elevated levels of cAMP induce bronchodilation by relaxation of airway smooth muscle cells. Olodaterol effect lasts for 24 hours.

Olaparib is an oral inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 which are involved in normal cellular homeostasis, such as DNA transcription, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. Olaparib has shown activity in ovarian and breast tumors with known BRCA mutations and was the first FDA approved drug in this class. Lynparza (olaparib) is indicated for treatment of gBRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer. Its use together with other chemotherapy medicines can lead to increased effects on the blood resulting in reduction in the numbers of white blood cells and platelets, and anaemia.

MOVANTIK (naloxegol) is a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic noncancer pain. It is being investigated for the treatment of constipation as a side effect of prescription opioid pain medicines.

Avibactam (formerly NXL104, AVE1330A) is a synthetic non-β-lactam, covalent, slowly reversible β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits the activities of Ambler class A and C β-lactamases and some Ambler class D enzymes. The combination of ceftazidime with avibactam exhibited broad-spectrum activity against Ambler class A- and class C-producing Enterobacteriaceae. AVYCAZ is a combination of ceftazidime, a cephalosporin, and avibactam indicated for the treatment of patients with the following infections caused by designated susceptible microorganisms: Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections, used in combination with metronidazole and Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, including Pyelonephritis.

Empagliflozin is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor designed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. Empagliflozin interacts with diuretics, blood presure medicine and insulin. Jardiance reduces the risk of cardiovascular death in diabetes patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Eliglustat, marketed by Genzyme as CERDELGA, is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor indicated for the long-term treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease who are CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers, or poor metabolizers (PMs) as detected by an FDA-cleared test.

Pirfenidone is a synthetic antifibrotic agent indicated for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as Esbriet. Pirfenidone inhibits fibroblast, epidermal, platelet-derived, and transforming beta-1 growth factors. It also inhibits DNA synthesis and the production of mRNA for collagen types I and III, resulting in a reduction in radiation-induced fibrosis. Pirfenidone has demonstrated activity in multiple fibrotic conditions however the exact mechanism of action of pirfenidone in the treatment of IPF has not been established.

Nintedanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. It is the only kinase inhibitor drug approved to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. that targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs). Nintedanib inhibits the following RTKs: platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α and β, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-3, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1-3, and Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3). Among them, FGFR, PDGFR, and VEGFR have been implicated in IPF pathogenesis. Nintedanib binds competitively to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding pocket of these receptors and blocks the intracellular signaling which is crucial for the proliferation, migration, and transformation of fibroblasts representing essential mechanisms of the IPF pathology.

Tavaborole is a boron-based pharmaceutical agent indicated for the topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail and nail bed due to Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. Tavaborole acts by inhibiting an aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (AARS) - Leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase is an essential fungal enzyme required for protein synthesis and for the catalysis of ATP-dependent ligation of L-leucine to tRNA(Leu). Tavaborole’s low molecular weight (approximately half of most antifungals, such as terbinafine and efinaconazole) permits optimal nail plate penetration, superior to that of existing topical antifungal medications.