Valrocemide is an anticonvulsant agent which was under development by Teva and Acorda as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of epilepsy. Valrocemide is an N-valproyl derivative of GABAand glycine. It was found that 1 mM of valrocemide could drastically inhibit human brain crude homogenate MIP synthase activity. Furthermore, the mechanism of the effect of valrocemide was studied and results showed that valrocemide reduced the enzyme activity by an apparent competitive mode of inhibition. In October 2003, a phase II trial using valrocemide as an adjunct therapy in refractory epilepsy patients had been completed and phase III trials were being planned. Valrocemide was also being investigated for potential utility in the treatment of bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain. This compound was originally discovered by Yissum Research and Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, then licensed and developed by Teva in collaboration with Acorda in 2003, then licensed to Shire the worldwide development, production and marketing rights in 2006. However, the development of Valrocemide was discontinued by Shire in 2009.

Acetylcysteine amide (NACA) is a novel thiol-containing antioxidant. NACA is a modified form of its parent compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) that is a precursor of the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). NACA demonstrated the multiple therapeutic abilities, including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties with greater efficacy compared to its parent compound. NACA treatment significantly maintained acute mitochondrial bioenergetics and normalized GSH levels following spinal cord injury. It is a new neuroprotective drug, that might be effective at slowing down nigral neuronal degeneration and illness progression in patients with Parkinson's disease.