Gepefrine (Pressionorm and Wintonin) is an antihypotensive agent. It was used for therapy of orthostatic dysregulation. One hour after oral administration of 30 mg or 45 mg gepefrine the blood pressure increased significantly at rest and more markedly on standing and during the step test. Gepefrine led to a reduction in pathological orthostatic regulation during the early phase as well as to the prevention of subjective and objective signs of orthostatic adjustment disorder during the late phase. Patients with insufficient rise in blood pressure during the step test (80 watts) showed after gepefrine a distinct tendency towards normalisation and the regression of subjective states of exhaustion. Gepefrine caused on average no substantive alternations in heart rate during all phases of the investigation. Complications or side-effects due to the method or the medicament were not observed.

Gepefrine (Pressionorm and Wintonin) is an antihypotensive agent. It was used for therapy of orthostatic dysregulation. One hour after oral administration of 30 mg or 45 mg gepefrine the blood pressure increased significantly at rest and more markedly on standing and during the step test. Gepefrine led to a reduction in pathological orthostatic regulation during the early phase as well as to the prevention of subjective and objective signs of orthostatic adjustment disorder during the late phase. Patients with insufficient rise in blood pressure during the step test (80 watts) showed after gepefrine a distinct tendency towards normalisation and the regression of subjective states of exhaustion. Gepefrine caused on average no substantive alternations in heart rate during all phases of the investigation. Complications or side-effects due to the method or the medicament were not observed.

Levosulpiride [RV 12309, L-sulpiride, levosulpride, Dislep® 25, Levopride®, Levopraid®] is a potent dopamine D2 receptor blocker that was originated by Ravizza Farmaceutici (now AbbVie). Levosulpiride is the levo enantiomer of sulpiride. The levo enantiomer shows better/similar pharmacological actions and lower incidence of toxic effects than both dextro as well as the racemic forms of the drug. Levosulpiride is marketed in Italy and South Korea, and is possibly available elsewhere in Europe and Asia. Levosulpiride does not appear to be available in North America. Levosulpiride is available as 25mg tablets, drops and in ampoules for parenteral administration. Generic versions of levosulpiride also appear to be available in some countries. Levosulpiride is primarily indicated in conditions like Anxiety, Depression, Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, Schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, dyspeptic syndrome, essential cephalgia, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Peptic ulcer, Vertigo.

Mianserin is a tetracyclic antidepressant used for the treatment of depression. It was investigated as an adjuvant for reduction of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, as an aid for opioid detoxification therapy (where it reduced symptoms but lead to higher drop-out rate), and for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (where it was ineffective). Mianserin has a broad spectrum of activity with the most potent binding to 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, H1, alpha2A and alpha2C receptor.

Sulpiride is an atypical antipsychotic drug (although some texts have referred to it as a typical antipsychotic) of the benzamide class used mainly in the treatment of psychosis associated with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and sometimes used in low dosage to treat anxiety and mild depression. Sulpiride is commonly used in Europe, Russia and Japan. Sulpiride is a selective antagonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. This action dominates in doses exceeding 600 mg daily. In doses of 600 to 1,600 mg sulpiride shows mild sedating and antipsychotic activity. Its antipsychotic potency compared to chlorpromazine is only 0.2 (1/5). In low doses (in particular 50 to 200 mg daily) its prominent feature is antagonism of presynaptic inhibitory dopamine receptors accounting for some antidepressant activity and a stimulating effect. Therefore, it is in these doses used as a second line antidepressant. Racemic and L-sulpiride significantly decreased stimulated serum gastrin concentration, but they did not affect fasting serum gastrin or basal and stimulated gastric acidity. D-sulpiride significantly decreased gastric acid secretion, without affecting serum gastrin levels.

Etodroxizine is a first-generation antihistamine of the diphenylmethane and piperazine classes. It is a sleep-inducing agent. Etodroxizine in combination with methaqualone had a somewhat stronger surpressive effect upon REM-sleep than methaqualone alone.

Etodroxizine is a first-generation antihistamine of the diphenylmethane and piperazine classes. It is a sleep-inducing agent. Etodroxizine in combination with methaqualone had a somewhat stronger surpressive effect upon REM-sleep than methaqualone alone.

S-Adenosylmethionine (often referred to as SAMe) is a methyl donor and a cofactor for enzyme-catalyzed methylations, including catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although present in all cells, it is concentrated in liver where 85% of all methylation reactions occur. SAM is anti-apoptotic in normal hepatocytes and normal colon epithelial cells but pro-apoptotic in liver human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HepG2 cells and colon cancer cells. Because of structural instability, stable salt forms of SAM are required for its use as an oral drug. The commonly used salts: tosylate, butanedisulfonate, disulfate tosylate, disulfate ditosylate, and disulfate monotosylate. SAMe has been marketed in some European countries since the mid-1980s for the treatment of depression and for other medical conditions such as osteoarthritis (joint disease that causes joint pain and stiffness), fibromyalgia (widespread pain and stiffness). In addition, it is used to treat liver disease and migraine headaches. However, it is not formally approved in the UK for the treatment of depression, and in the USA, it is classified only as a dietary supplement. Some research suggests that it is more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression and is just as effective as antidepressant medications without the side effects (headaches, sleeplessness, and sexual dysfunction). In addition, antidepressants tend to take 6 to 8 weeks to begin working, while It seems to begin more quickly. Researchers are not sure how SAMe works to relieve depression. But they speculate it might increase the amount of serotonin in the brain just as some antidepressants do. Many studies have examined injectable forms of SAMe, not oral supplements.

S-Adenosylmethionine (often referred to as SAMe) is a methyl donor and a cofactor for enzyme-catalyzed methylations, including catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although present in all cells, it is concentrated in liver where 85% of all methylation reactions occur. SAM is anti-apoptotic in normal hepatocytes and normal colon epithelial cells but pro-apoptotic in liver human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HepG2 cells and colon cancer cells. Because of structural instability, stable salt forms of SAM are required for its use as an oral drug. The commonly used salts: tosylate, butanedisulfonate, disulfate tosylate, disulfate ditosylate, and disulfate monotosylate. SAMe has been marketed in some European countries since the mid-1980s for the treatment of depression and for other medical conditions such as osteoarthritis (joint disease that causes joint pain and stiffness), fibromyalgia (widespread pain and stiffness). In addition, it is used to treat liver disease and migraine headaches. However, it is not formally approved in the UK for the treatment of depression, and in the USA, it is classified only as a dietary supplement. Some research suggests that it is more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression and is just as effective as antidepressant medications without the side effects (headaches, sleeplessness, and sexual dysfunction). In addition, antidepressants tend to take 6 to 8 weeks to begin working, while It seems to begin more quickly. Researchers are not sure how SAMe works to relieve depression. But they speculate it might increase the amount of serotonin in the brain just as some antidepressants do. Many studies have examined injectable forms of SAMe, not oral supplements.