(R)-Lisinopril Sodium Salt is the R,S,S-Isomer of Lisinopril. Lisinopril is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Lisinopril prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and also signals the release of aldosterone, which modulates sodium absorption. ACE inhibition has the net result of vasodilation and increased sodium and water excretion. Lisinopril, (2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]amino] hexanoyl]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension, heartfailure andacutemyocardial infarction. The RSS isomer of lisinopril ((2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(1R)-1-carboxy- 3-phenylpropyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is an impurity (impurity E) resulting from the synthesis of lisinopril. The impurity profile of a drug substance is critical to its safety assessment and is important for monitoring the manufacturing process.

The information related to the biological and/or pharmacological activity of palmitoyl alanine is absent.

trans-Ketoconazole was identified as impurity of an antifungal compound cis-ketoconazole. Cis-Ketoconazole displayed broad-spectrum in vivo activity in a wide range of experimental fungal infections caused by different fungi in a variety of animal models. trans-isomer of ketoconazole is less active than cis-ketoconazole.

Sodium myristyl sulfate is a surfactant in cosmetic industry and in preparation of toothpastes.

D-cloprostenol, also called (+)-cloprostenol is a highly potent prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor agonist. (+)-Cloprostenol is a 15(R) enantiomer of cloprostenol responsible for the majority of its biological activity and is commonly used in bovine reproduction that increases myometral contractility.

2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is a low molecular weight red dye which is able to penetrate into hair shafts; this compound is one of the most commonly used dyes in semi-permanent hair colorants. 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is also an ingredient in permanent hair dye formulations.

RO-31-8220 is a cell-permeable staurosporine analog, that shows potent inhibition of PKC α, PKC βI, PKC βII, PKC γ, and PKC ε. Ro 31-8220 also inhibits MSK1, MAPKAPK1, RSK, GSK3β, and S6K1 with a potency similar to that for PKC. Ro 31-8220 alters cellular protein kinase C localization and potently inhibits the growth of A549 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 0.78 μM and 0.897 μM, respectively. RO 31-8220 enhances epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in catecholamine hypo-responsive platelets by enhancing Akt phosphorylation. Ro 31-8220 significantly decreases apoE secretion from primary human macrophages by inhibiting vesicular transport of apoE to the plasma membrane without significantly affecting apoE mRNA or apoE protein levels.

Trans-abacavir is the trans-isomer of abacavir, considered to be abacavir USP impurity. Abacavir, a nucleoside analog, is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

NSC-LSC1 is a novel compound having an antitumor activity belonging to an analogue of taxol. As with the taxol, the NSC-LSC1 has a low toxicity and a high antitumor activity. NSC-LSC1 exhibits a high proliferation inhibitory activity against human or animal cancer cells transplanted into a test animal and further, a low toxicity to the animal which renders NSC-LSC1 promising as a compound for use in the field of chemotherapy of cancers.

Epibatidine is a piperidine alkaloid that is secreted by the Ecuadoran frog Epipedobates anthonyi. Many laboratories began to synthesize epibatidine and after studying it, scientists realized it was too toxic to be used as a pain-relieving drug. Epibatine is the exo-isomer of the two possible geometric isomers and can exist as two enantiomers (+) – or R- Epibatidine and (-) or S- Epibatidine. The natural compound is the (+) isomer, although there is a little difference in pharmacological activity between (+) and (-) isomers. Epibatidine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) rather than opiate receptors, which is common of most analgesics such as morphine. Epibatidine and both its isomers are extremely potent full agonists for neuronal acetylcholine receptors: alpha4/beta2 and alpha3/beta2. Epibatidine binds not only to nAChR in the brain but also at other neuro-muscular junctions throughout the body. This is not desired as it caused seizures and respiratory and digestive problems. Currently only rudimentary research into epibatidine's effects has been performed.