Rufloxacin (MF-934) is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug. It acts as a DNA gyrase inhibitor. Rufloxacin shows in vitro antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus and Staphylococcus spp. Lower in vitro activity was observed with Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter and the streptococci group D. Rufloxacin is indicated for the treatment of lower respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by germs sensitive to rufloxacin.

Drotaverine, an antispasmodic drug, is a synthetic derivative of the natural isoquinoline alkaloid of Papaver somniferum, papaverine. It inhibits cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide-phophodiesterase (PDE) enzymes with concentration-dependent specificity, in addition, it behaves as a L-type voltage- operated calcium channel (L-VOCC) blocker. Drotaverin also acts as a cytostatic compound for several human tumor cell lines. Drotaverine is an effective medicine to treat spasm or twitches of the smooth muscles in the stomach and heart. It is used to relieve pain caused due to irritable bowel syndrome, headache, menstrual periods, and is also used to relieve cervical spasm during labor.

Omapatrilat is an antihypertensive agent that inhibits both neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The drug was developed for possible use in heart failure and hypertension, but was not approved by the FDA due to angioedema safety concerns.

Gadofosveset trisodium is an intravenous contrast agent used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which is a non-invasive way of imaging blood vessels. The agent allows for the vascular system to be imaged more clearly by the MRA. In this way, gadofosveset trisodium is used to help diagnose certain disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin resulting in longer vascular residence time than non-protein binding contrast agents. The binding to serum albumin also increases the magnetic resonance relaxivity of gadofosveset and decreases the relaxation time (Tl) of water protons resulting in an increase in signal intensity (brightness) of blood. The extended acquisition time and increased relaxivity of gadofosveset allows for longer steady-state acquisition times, and potentially submillimeter voxels. Overlay of veins in steady-state MR angiography is less of a problem in multiplanar reformats with this level of resolution. This is particularly promising for MR evaluation of the peripheral vasculature. In the United States, gadofosveset is FDA-approved only for use in aortoiliac disease, with other uses being off-label. It currently does not have a role in hepatic imaging.

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived from the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a that have different patterns of methylation at the 69 position of the ring. Gentamicin C1a is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin C1a binds to the A-site RNA of the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.

Eprinomectin is 4"-deoxy-4"-epiacetylamino-avermectin B1. It is a semi-synthetic member of the avermectin family of macrocyclic lactones and consists of a mixture of two homologous components, B1a (not less than 90%) and B1b (not more than 10%), which differ by a single methylene group at C26. Eprinomectin is a member of the macrocyclic lactone class of endectocides which have a unique mode of action. Compounds of the class bind selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells. This leads to an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions with hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell, resulting in paralysis and death of the parasite. Compounds of this class may also interact with other ligand-gated chloride channels, such as those gated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Molecular studies indicate that these drugs interact strongly not only with ligand-gated ion channels, the mode-of action receptors of nematodes and arthropods, but also with efflux ABC transporters. The margin of safety for compounds of this class is attributable to the fact that mammals do not have glutamate-gated chloride channels, the macrocyclic lactones have a low affinity for other mammalian ligand-gated chloride channels and they do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. IVOMEC EPRINEX (eprinomectin) Pour-On is indicated for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal roundworms (including inhibited Ostertagia ostertagi), lungworms, grubs, sucking and biting lice, chorioptic and sarcoptic mange mites, and horn flies in beef and dairy cattle of all ages, including lactating dairy cattle.

Dalbavancin is a mixture of five closely related active homologs (A0, A1, B0, B1, and B2); the component B0 is the major component of dalbavancin. The predominant component of dalbavancin is Factor B0, which accounts for >75% of the whole complex. Dalbavancin is a second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic that was designed to improve on the natural glycopeptides currently available, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. Modifications from these older glycoprotein classes allowed a similar mechanism of action with increased activity and once weekly dosing. Its use is indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. anginosus group (including S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus). Under the brand name DALVANCE Dalbavancin is indicated for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by designated susceptible strains of Gram-positive microorganisms. The bactericidal action of dalbavancin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, dalbavancin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides, which is normally a five-point interaction. Binding of dalbavancin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, dalbavancin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis.

ISOPENTYL NITRITE (Amyl nitrite) is a chemical compound with an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator; it expands blood vessels, resulting in lowering of the blood pressure. Alkyl nitrites are a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles. Physical effects include the decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the blood vessel walls and the internal and external anal sphincter. There are no withdrawal symptoms. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypoventilation, shortness of breath, and fainting. The effects set in very quickly, typically within a few seconds and disappear within a few minutes. Amyl nitrite may also intensify the experience of synesthesia. Amyl nitrite is employed medically to treat heart diseases as well as angina. Amyl nitrite is sometimes used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It can act as an oxidant, to induce the formation of methemoglobin. Methemoglobin, in turn, can sequester cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin.

Eptaplatin (also known as Heptaplatin) is a third-generation platinum antitumor drug, which has been approved for the clinical treatment of advanced gastric cancer in Korea. Although the anticancer mechanism of eptaplatin has not been studied well, it is supposed to be similar to that of cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Eptaplatin may bind to DNA to form various types of adducts, thus leading to cell death.

Bilastine is a new second generation H1-antihistamine recently approved for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic urticaria (CU). Bilastine is an H1 receptor inverse agonist. Bilastine also exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of histamine, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from human mast cells and granulocytes. Common side effects are headache and drowsiness.