δ-Tocopherol (δ-T) is a chiral organic molecule belonging to the group of tocopherol, that vary in their degree of methylation of the phenol moiety of the chromanol ring. It was revealed, that δ-Tocopherol had a more potent anticancer activity in solid tumors compared to the other tocopherols, δ-T possessed antileukemic activity of in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). δ-T induced tumor cell death through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) induction, cyclin-D1 inhibition, and modulation of redox balance. In addition, on animal models was found, that δ-tocopherol was more active than α- or γ-tocopherol in inhibiting lung tumor growth, possibly through trapping reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and inducing apoptosis.

4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene is a substituted aromatic compound used in the formulation of permanent hair dyes, colors and tints. 4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene is used as a coupler in cosmetic hair dye formulations. The compound has a low oral toxicity in animals and has no significant mutagenic or teratogenic effects. The compound, at most, is a weak skin and eye irritant and, at most, a weak sensitizer. Carcinogenic skin painting studies of hair dyes containing this compound were negative. A variety of epidemio-logic studies have given no indication of a carcinogenic effect from the use of hair dyes.

Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and is marketed on the Internet as a food supplement. The FDA classified it as GRAS (Generally Recognized as safe) food additives during the 1960s. The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. It was shown, that RK also decreased the weights and hepatic triacylglycerol content in rodents after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. Recently was discovered, that RK may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the HO-1/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Investigations of raspberry ketone in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models indicated potential cardiotoxic effects and potential effects on reproduction/development. Taking into account the high intake via supplements, the compound's toxic potential should be clarified with further experimental studies. In UK the pure compound is regarded as novel food requiring authorisation prior to marketing but raspberry ketone is not withdrawn from Internet sites from this country.

Bisdisulizole disodium (also known as disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate) under the brand name Neoheliopan AP is marketed in some Europe countries and in Australia. This compound is a part of sunscreens to absorb UVA rays.

SERINE, D- (D-serine) is a non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from glycine or threonine. It is involved in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines and other amino acids. A considerable level of D-serine was discovered, surprisingly, in the mammalian brain in the early 1990s. Since then, D-serine has been considered to be a co-agonist of glutamate at the glycine site of NMDA receptors. D-serine plays an important role in the central nervous system as an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of glutamate N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. D-serine is synthetized by racemization of L-serine in most neural and non-neural cells, and modulates a variety of physiological functions in mammals. D-Serine synthesis is attributed to Serine Racemase (SR), which catalyses the synthesis of D-serine from L-serine. D-serine may play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, which may be linked to NMDA receptor hypo-function. Studies in genetic and pharmacological animal models with decreased D-serine levels have shown that these animals displayed behavioural abnormalities similar to those seen in schizophrenia. Moreover, exogenous administration of D-serine and related compounds improved several phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia, which could have positive clinical implications in humans. The results of a clinical trial in Taiwanese schizophrenic patients who received D-serine as adjuvant treatment indicated that those patients who received D-serine treatment, improved positive, negative and cognitive symptoms seen in schizophrenia. In addition, this clinical trial showed that D-serine did not worsen side effects from other antipsychotics, which may be due to its selective action at the NMDA-glycine site. Therefore, D-serine could be considered as a therapeutic approach for schizophrenia, which is different from the dopaminergic approach. It has also been shown that exogenous d-serine administration can suppress appetite and alter food preference. Thus NMDA receptor and its co-agonist d-seine participate in the control of appetite and food preference, which can be used to suppress obesity. D-serine has been shown to have cognitive-enhancing properties in different brain disorders and in age-related cognitive decline. From a clinical perspective, it is important to highlight that in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study our group observed that an acute oral administration of 30 mg/kg of d-serine improved spatial learning and problem solving. D-serine may be especially useful for depression because of its acute and chronic antidepressant effects,