Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic used as an alternative or adjunct to codeine to treat moderate to severe pain, severe dyspnea, and cough. It is semi-synthetic, and was developed in Germany in 1908 during an international search to find a more effective antitussive agent to help reduce the spread of airborne infectious diseases such as tuburculosis. It was marketed in 1911. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized to dihydromorphine -- a highly active metabolite with a high affinity for mu opioid receptors. Dihydrocodeine is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative and dental pain. It can also be used to treat chronic pain, breathlessness and coughing. In heroin addicts, dihydrocodeine has been used as a substitute drug, in doses up to 2500mg/day to treat addiction.

Benzoylpas (more known as calcium benzoyl-PAS) is a benzoic acid-modified form of para-aminosalicylate, used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis.

Promazine (Sparine) is a phenothiazine neuroleptic used for short-term management of moderate to severe psychomotor agitation and treatment of agitation and restlessness in the elderly. Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tuberoinfundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine. Promazine is not approved for human use in the United States. It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.

Thenalidine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used as an antipruritic drug. It was withdrawn from the US, Canadian, and UK markets due to a risk of neutropenia. Thenalidine is an antagonist of the H1-receptor.

Ambenonium is a cholinesterase inhibitor with all the pharmacologic actions of acetylcholine, both the muscarinic and nicotinic types. It was marketed under the brand name Mytelase, but was withdrawn from the market in the United States in 2010. Ambenonium, similar to pyridostigmine and neostigmine, is used for the treatment of muscle weakness and fatigue in people with myasthenia gravis.Ambenonium exerts its actions against myasthenia gravis by competitive, reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The disease myasthenia gravis occurs when the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, and thus inhibits proper acetylcholine signal transmission (when acetylcholine binds to acetylcholine receptors of striated muscle fibers, it stimulates those fibers to contract). Ambenonium reversibly binds acetylcholinesterase at the anionic site, which results in the blockage of the site of acetycholine binding, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine hydrolysis and enhancing cholinergic function through the accumulation of acetycholine at cholinergic synpases. In turn this facilitates transmission of impulses across the myoneural junction and effectively treats the disease.

Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic used as an alternative or adjunct to codeine to treat moderate to severe pain, severe dyspnea, and cough. It is semi-synthetic, and was developed in Germany in 1908 during an international search to find a more effective antitussive agent to help reduce the spread of airborne infectious diseases such as tuburculosis. It was marketed in 1911. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized to dihydromorphine -- a highly active metabolite with a high affinity for mu opioid receptors. Dihydrocodeine is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative and dental pain. It can also be used to treat chronic pain, breathlessness and coughing. In heroin addicts, dihydrocodeine has been used as a substitute drug, in doses up to 2500mg/day to treat addiction.

Promazine (Sparine) is a phenothiazine neuroleptic used for short-term management of moderate to severe psychomotor agitation and treatment of agitation and restlessness in the elderly. Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tuberoinfundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine. Promazine is not approved for human use in the United States. It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.

Novobiocin (also known as streptonivicin) is an aminocoumarin antibiotic, active against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Novobiocin and other aminocoumarin antibiotics act as a potent competitive inhibitor of DNA gyrase B. The oral form of the drug was withdrawn from the market in 1999 due to safety or effectiveness reasons. Later it was discovered that novobiocin inhibited Hsp90 and topoisomerase II, and novobiocin was investigated in clinical trials against metastatic breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Topical form of novobiocin was investigated in combination with nalidixic acid for treatment of psoriasis.

Phenmetrazine is an anti-obesity drug, which was discovered by Boehringer-Ingelheim in 1952 and approved by FDA under the name Preludin. Later on the drug was withdrawn from the market due to the reported cases of abuse. According to some studies, misuse of phenmetrazine turned many young addicts to crime. It is suggested that the drug exerts its effect by inhibiting the monoamine transport.

Levallorphan (brand name Lorfan), is an opiate antagonist of morphine family. Levallorphan was formerly used in general anesthesia, mainly to reverse the respiratory depression produced by opioid analgesics and barbiturates used for induction of surgical anaesthesia whilst maintaining a degree of analgesia. Levallorphan was also used in combination with opioid analgesics to reduce their side effects, mainly in obstetrics. The combination of levallorphan with pethidine was used so frequently, a standardized formulation was made available, known as Pethilorfan, by Roche Products Ltd in later 1950s. Is known to be used for narcotic overdose. Levallorphan is similar to naloxone but differs from naloxone in that it also possesses some agonist properties. It acts as an antagonist and partial agonist of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Levallorphan can produce severe mental reactions at sufficient doses including hallucinations, dissociation, and other psychotomimetic effects, dysphoria, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, disorientation, derealization, feelings of drunkenness, and bizarre, unusual, or disturbing dreams.