Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C12H24O2.C2H6NO3S.Na |
Molecular Weight | 347.446 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].NCCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=HLGSTHXLGGPEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C12H24O2.C2H7NO3S.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;3-1-2-7(4,5)6;/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);1-3H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;;+1/p-1
Molecular Formula | Na |
Molecular Weight | 22.98976928 |
Charge | 1 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C12H24O2 |
Molecular Weight | 200.3178 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C2H6NO3S |
Molecular Weight | 124.139 |
Charge | -1 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00611-6Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Sources: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00611-6
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1907607 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637894 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3392921 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279812 |
406.0 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 2-3 grams of taurine by mouth one to two times daily for 6-8 weeks seems to improve heart function and symptoms in patients with moderate heart failure to severe heart failure. Some patients with severe heart failure rapidly improve from NYHA class IV to II after 4-8 weeks of treatment. Improvement seems to continue for as long as taurine treatment is continued, up to one year. |
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Palliative | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 1.5-4 grams of taurine daily for up to 3 months improves liver function in people with hepatitis. |
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Preventing | URSA Complex Approved UseTaurine is a component of energy drinks used for relieving of fatigue |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
86.1 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
206.3 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Analysis of amino acids in human serum by isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | 2001 Apr 13 |
|
Mast cell numbers in the young rat thalamus: a search for control factors. | 2001 Aug |
|
Chronic lamotrigine treatment increases rat hippocampal GABA shunt activity and elevates cerebral taurine levels. | 2001 Feb |
|
Hamster sperm glycine receptor: evidence for its presence and involvement in the acrosome reaction. | 2001 Feb |
|
Taurine and osmoregulation: platelet taurine content, uptake, and release in type 2 diabetic patients. | 2001 Jan |
|
MR diffusion imaging and 1H spectroscopy in a child with medulloblastoma. A case report. | 2001 Jan |
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Studies on the effects of lactate transport inhibition, pyruvate, glucose and glutamine on amino acid, lactate and glucose release from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex. | 2001 Jan |
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Neurotoxic effect of acamprosate, n-acetyl-homotaurine, in cultured neurons. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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The European acamprosate trials: conclusions for research and therapy. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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The effect of taurine depletion by beta-alanine treatment on the susceptibility to ethanol-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Effect of starvation on free histidine and amino acids in white muscle of milkfish Chanos chanos. | 2001 Mar |
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Intrathecal magnesium sulfate attenuates algogenic behavior and spinal amino acids release after kainic acid receptor activation in rats. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-beta 1. | 2001 May |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193
Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279812
Agonist properties of taurine on glycine receptor of supraoptic magnocellular neurones acutely dissociated from adult rats, using whole-cell voltage clamp. Responses to 1 mM taurine were blocked by strychnine but not by gabazine and showed no additivity with glycine-induced currents, indicating selective activation of glycine receptors.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |