| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C13H20N2O2.2H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 272.3407 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.O.CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=FOZXJARDUSNWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C13H20N2O2.2H2O/c1-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11;;/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3;2*1H2
| Molecular Formula | H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 18.0153 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
MOL RATIO
2 MOL RATIO (average) |
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C13H20N2O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 236.3101 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60.0 nM [IC50] | |||
| 50.0 µM [IC50] | |||
| 1.7 µM [Kd] |
Doses
AEs
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Tox targets
Sourcing
Sample Use Guides
Adults
Local or Regional Anesthesia
Local Infiltration
Usually, 350–600 mg, administered as diluted solution (i.e., 140–240 mL of a 0.25% solution or 70–120 mL of a 0.5% solution)
Peripheral Nerve Block
Up to 1 g, administered undiluted (i.e., 100 mL of a 1% injection) or as diluted solution (i.e., 200 mL of a 0.5% solution).
For local infiltration or peripheral nerve block, inject slowly and avoid rapid injection of large volumes; when feasible, administer in fractional (incremental) doses. For subarachnoid (spinal) block, use 2-mL single-dose ampuls containing procaine hydrochloride 10% only.c d Position patient properly prior to spinal anesthesia.
Route of Administration:
Other
