DescriptionSources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24936768Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784342 and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265814
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24936768
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784342 and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265814
Citrullus colocynthis whole, also known as bitter cucumber, is a fruit-bearing plant sometimes used medicinally. Citrullus colocynthis is an annual plant that grows in the south, center, and east areas of Iran. It is recognized by different pharmacologic activities in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) (i.e., purgative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, hair growth-promoting, abortifacient, and antiepileptic. Citrullus colocynthis is used to treat diabetes, since it may be able to induce insulin secretion from the pancreas after supplementation, while reducing blood glucose and improving lipid levels. In a randomized clinical trial, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels were decreased in patients using 300 mg of C. colocynthis dry fruit powder daily for 2 months. In another trial, intake of 300 mg of powdered seed can lower the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration significantly in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic patients. Preliminary evidence suggests a topical application of Citrullus colocynthis may stimulate hair growth, with an effect comparable to finasteride, a male pattern baldness drug. More evidence is needed to confirm this effect. Aqueous and methanol extracts of colocynth showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other bacteria. Extracts of fruits, leaves, roots and stems were also found to be potentially usable against many Gram positive bacilli and fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor species. Even low doses (100mg, taken three times) of Citrullus colocynthis can cause diarrhea, while higher doses (1,500 mg) can cause colonic inflammation and rectal bleeding. These side-effects stop once supplementation is ceased. Since the bioactive compounds in Citrullus colocynthis are still unknown, and even low-dose supplementation is associated with intestinal side-effects, Citrullus colocynthis is not recommended for oral supplementation. There are no approved products of C. Colocynthis.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: Candida albicans growth Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397972 |
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Target ID: Escherichia coli growth Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397972 |
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Target ID: Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397972 |
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Target ID: Fasting blood glucose Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19170143 |
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Target ID: HbA1c Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19170143 |
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Target ID: GO:0006629 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21313901 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://easyayurveda.com/2013/01/17/colocynth-citrullus-colocynthis-uses-dosage-side-effects/
Curator's Comment: Can also be used topically https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02155361
Dose: Fruit powder – 125 – 500 mg
Root Powder – 1 – 2 grams per day.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397972
The highest MICs were obtained from the fruit aqueous extracts of Citrullus colocynthis whole (MIC 0.10mg/ml against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, 0.20mg/ml against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Substance Class |
Structurally Diverse
Created
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Mon Mar 31 20:09:23 GMT 2025
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Mon Mar 31 20:09:23 GMT 2025
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Source Materials Class | ORGANISM |
Source Materials Type | PLANT |
Organism Family | Cucurbitaceae |
Organism Genus | Citrullus |
Organism Species | colocynthis |
Author | (L.) SCHRAD. |
Part | whole |
Record UNII |
Z70W98921V
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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-
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