Rivanicline (also known as RJR-2403 or TC-2403) is a partial neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. This compound binds primarily to the α4β2 receptor subtype. Rivanicline was originally developed for Alzheimer’s disease and shows pronounced anti-amnesic and increased recognition memory in rats. Because rivanicline also inhibits Interleukin-8 production, it has been further developed as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for ulcerative colitis (in which nicotine is of therapeutic value but has adverse events). Rivanicline effectively inhibited TNF- and LPS-induced IL-8 production in different cell types, without toxic effects. Rivanicline was also evaluated as a potential compound for the development of nicotinic therapeutics to treat neurological diseases in cases of compromised cholinergic neurotransmission.