Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were administered kava extract (Yangonin: 42.76%) by gavage at 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg/day for 90 days

RT4, T24, UMUC3, HT1376, and HT 1197 cells, as well as TSC1+/+/p53+/+, TSC1–/–/p53+/+, TSC2+/+/ p53–/–, TSC2–/–/p53–/– MEFs, LKB knockout and wildtype MEFs were plated at a density of 2 x 10^5 per well in 24-well culture plates in medium containing 10% FBS. After 24 hours, the medium was refreshed and then was either left untreated or was treated with yangonin (1.25-100mg/ml), docetaxel or flavokawain A After treatment, MTT was added to the wells at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL and incubated at 37°C for 3 hours. The absorbance was determined at 570 nm. Cell sensitivity to drug treatment was expressed as the drug concentration that yielded 50% cell growth inhibition