Ginsenoside Rg1 is a triterpene saponin originally found in species of Panax that exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, anti-fibrotic, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. Ginsenoside Rg1 appears to be most abundant in Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean Ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity. In an animal model of aging, ginsenoside Rg1 prevents decreases in cognitive capacity and neurogenesis, and suppresses astrocyte activation and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; it also increases activity of telomerase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. In other animal models, ginsenoside Rg1 decreases levels of ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP, inhibiting inflammation and hepatic stellate cell activation, decreasing fibrosis. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses JAK2/STAT5 signaling in leukemia cells, upregulates expression of Bax and caspase 3, downregulates expression of Bcl-2, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. This compound also inhibits platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding, P-selection expression, platelet adhesion, and ERK activation, increasing time to occlusion in vivo. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits left ventricular hypertrophy and increases expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in other animal models. This compound also decreases serum histamine, IgE, and IgG and suppresses infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in animal models of allergic rhinitis. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major components of Korean Red Ginseng, marketed in Korea. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer, Araliaceae) is traditionally used as an important herbal medicine in Far East Asia. Korean Red Ginseng is possibly effective for: • Alzheimer's disease. Evidence shows that taking Panax ginseng root daily for 12 weeks can improve mental performance in people with Alzheimer's disease. • Lung disease called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Taking Panax ginseng by mouth seems to improve lung function and some symptoms of COPD. • Mental function. Taking Panax ginseng by mouth might improve abstract thinking, mental arithmetic skills, and reaction times in healthy, middle-aged people but not in young adults. Panax ginseng alone does not seem to improve memory. But there is some evidence that a combination of Panax ginseng and ginkgo leaf extract can improve memory in otherwise healthy people between the ages of 38 and 66. • Erectile dysfunction (ED). Taking Panax ginseng by mouth seems to improve sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction. • Flu. Taking a specific Panax ginseng by mouth appears to reduce the risk of getting a cold or the flu. But, taking Panax ginseng does not seem to reduce flu symptoms or the length of the illness. • Multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. Taking Panax ginseng daily for 3 months reduces feelings of tiredness and improves quality of life in females with MS. • Premature ejaculation. Applying a cream containing Panax ginseng, angelica root, Cistanches deserticola, Zanthoxyl species, torlidis seed, clover flower, asiasari root, cinnamon bark, and toad venom (SS Cream) to the penis one hour before intercourse and washing off immediately before intercourse seems to help prevent premature ejaculation.