U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula C14H18N4O3.C3H6O3
Molecular Weight 380.3957
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of TRIMETHOPRIM LACTATE

SMILES

CC(O)C(O)=O.COC1=CC(CC2=C(N)N=C(N)N=C2)=CC(OC)=C1OC

InChI

InChIKey=IIZVTUWSIKTFKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H18N4O3.C3H6O3/c1-19-10-5-8(6-11(20-2)12(10)21-3)4-9-7-17-14(16)18-13(9)15;1-2(4)3(5)6/h5-7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H4,15,16,17,18);2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C14H18N4O3
Molecular Weight 290.3177
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula C3H6O3
Molecular Weight 90.0779
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity ( + / - )

Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic is used for the treatment of initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, including S. saprophyticus. Cultures and susceptibility tests should be performed to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria to trimethoprim. Therapy may be initiated prior to obtaining the results of these tests. Trimethoprim is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. It exists in the blood as unbound, protein-bound, and metabolized forms. Ten to twenty percent of trimethoprim is metabolized, primarily in the liver; the remainder is excreted unchanged in the urine. The principal metabolites of trimethoprim are the 1- and 3-oxides and the 3'- and 4'-hydroxy derivatives. The free form is considered to be the therapeutically active form. Approximately 44% of trimethoprim is bound to plasma proteins. Trimethoprim blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the required enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase. This binding is very much stronger for the bacterial enzyme than for the corresponding mammalian enzyme

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
TRIMETHOPRIM

Approved Use

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of trimethoprim tablets, USP and other antibacterial drugs, trimethoprim tablets, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. For the treatment of initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, including S. saprophyticus. Cultures and susceptibility tests should be performed to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria to trimethoprim. Therapy may be initiated prior to obtaining the results of these tests.

Launch Date

1982
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2.1 μg/mL
2 g single, oral
dose: 2 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TRIMETHOPRIM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
1 μg/mL
1 g single, oral
dose: 1 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TRIMETHOPRIM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
30.7 μg × h/mL
2 g single, oral
dose: 2 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TRIMETHOPRIM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10 h
1 g single, oral
dose: 1 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TRIMETHOPRIM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
56%
1 g single, oral
dose: 1 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TRIMETHOPRIM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: severe shigellosis
Sources:
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting...
Other AEs:
Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Headaches
Confusion
Bone marrow depression
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Bone marrow depression
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Confusion
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Dizziness
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Headaches
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Nausea
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Vomiting
1 g 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Overview

Overview

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
strong [IC50 32 uM]
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: selective inhibition; Trimethoprim raised the AUC(0,∞) and Cmax of repaglinide by 61% (range, 30–117%; P = 0.0008) and 41% (P = 0.005), respectively; Although there was no detectable increase in the effect of repaglinide on blood glucose at the doses used, an enhanced risk of hypoglycaemia during concomitant use of trimethoprim and repaglinide is a possibility
Page: 4.0
yes [IC50 1318 uM]
yes [Inhibition 250 uM]
yes [Inhibition 250 uM]
yes [Inhibition 250 uM]
yes [Inhibition 250 uM]
yes [Inhibition <250 uM]
yes [Inhibition <250 uM]
Drug as victim
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex to lipophilic deazapteridine derivatives, inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase.
1998 Dec
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-arylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
1999 Feb
Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2000 Apr
Interleukin 6 may be an important mediator of trimethoprim-induced systemic adverse reaction resembling aseptic meningitis.
2000 Jul 10
Design, synthesis, and X-ray crystal structure of a potent dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase as an antitumor agent.
2000 Oct 19
The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member tBid localizes to mitochondrial contact sites.
2001
[High sensitivity of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial agents used for first-line treatment of urinary tract infections; results of an examination of feces of healthy subjects in Friesland].
2001 Apr 7
To test or not to test--ethical dilemmas and practical realities in the use of co-trimoxazole and nevirapine in HIV-infected adults.
2001 Aug
Predominance of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone susceptible to erythromycin and several other non-beta-lactam antibiotics in a Greek hospital.
2001 Aug
Effect of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of P carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1: a prospective study.
2001 Aug 18
Rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in Bangladeshi children with pneumonia and meningitis by PCR and analysis of antimicrobial resistance.
2001 Dec
Empirical treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection by community pharmacist in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
2001 Dec
Gradient diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.
2001 Dec
Antibiotic failure in the treatment of urinary tract infections in young women.
2001 Dec
Neonatal brucellosis and blood transfusion: case report and review of the literature.
2001 Dec
Properties of multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis isolates and possible role of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
2001 Feb
Antistaphylococcal (MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE) antibiotics.
2001 Jan
Antimicrobial activities of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, used singly or in combination with dapsone, against Mycobacterium ulcerans.
2001 Jan
Travel-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infection (Melioidosis) in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report.
2001 Jan
[Antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infections].
2001 Jan-Feb
Pulmonary nocardiosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection: a tuberculosis mimic.
2001 Jan-Mar
Epidemic of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 in Berhampur, Orissa.
2001 Jul
Public health lessons from a pilot programme to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Khayelitsha.
2001 Jul
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients being registered for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi.
2001 Jul-Aug
Bacteriuria in the elderly population in a developing country.
2001 Jul-Aug
Successful treatment of late onset infection due to multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter Lwoffii in a low birth weight neonate using ciprofloxacin.
2001 Jun
Successful management of Brucella mellitensis endocarditis with combined medical and surgical approach.
2001 Jun
Initiating co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients in Africa: an evaluation of the provisional WHO/UNAIDS recommendations.
2001 Jun 15
Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance.
2001 Nov
Susceptibility patterns and serotypes of non-typhoidal salmonella in Trinidad.
2001 Oct
Use of systemic anti-infective agents in Iran during 1997-1998.
2001 Sep
Antibiotic use and resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in The Netherlands during the period 1994-1999.
2001 Sep
Incidence and risk factors for the development of indinavir-associated renal complications.
2001 Sep
In vitro activity of novel fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with acute otitis media.
2001 Sep-Oct
Developing and testing instruments to measure client outcomes at the Comox Valley Nursing Center.
2001 Sep-Oct
Occurrence of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on farms in Croatia.
2002
Trimethoprim-induced aseptic meningitis in an adolescent male.
2002 Aug
Allergic adverse reactions to sulfonamides.
2002 Jan
HIV-1/AIDS and maternal and child health in Africa.
2002 Jun 15
A disseminated multidrug-resistant clonal group of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis.
2002 Jun 29
The relation between sale of antimicrobial drugs and antibiotic resistance in uropathogens in general practice.
2002 Mar
A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance.
2002 Mar
Q fever during pregnancy: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
2002 Mar 25
Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) after pediatric bone marrow transplant.
2002 May
Patents

Sample Use Guides

The usual oral adult dosage is 100 mg of trimethoprim every 12 hours or 200 mg of trimethoprim every 24 hours, each for 10 days. The use of trimethoprim in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 15 mL/min is not recommended. For patients with a creatinine clearance of 15 to 30 mL/min, the dose should be 50 mg every 12 hours.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Trimethoprim can be used as an alternative to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole based on in vitro antibacterial susceptibility.
In vitro susceptibility of bacterial isolates to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was determined using disk diffusion. E. coli susceptibility to trimethoprim was 70%, comparable to the 70% of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.9)and higher than the 56.9% of sulfamethoxazole (p <0.05).
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
Record UNII
P3K8GP9FDQ
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
TRIMETHOPRIM LACTATE
WHO-DD  
Common Name English
2,4-PYRIMIDINEDIAMINE, 5-((3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-, MONO(2-HYDROXYPROPANOATE)
Common Name English
Trimethoprim lactate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, COMPD. WITH 5-((3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-2,4-PYRIMIDINEDIAMINE (1:1)
Common Name English
LACTOTRIM
Brand Name English
LACTIC ACID, COMPD. WITH 2,4-DIAMINO-5-(3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYBENZYL)PYRIMIDINE (1:1)
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000084666
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB04972MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
245-533-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
235855
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
FDA UNII
P3K8GP9FDQ
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
23256-42-0
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID00945947
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
3084396
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:25:31 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
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