Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C22H27N3O2.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 401.93 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CCN(CC)CCN1C(=O)C(CC2=CC=C(OC)C=C2)=NC3=C1C=CC=C3
InChI
InChIKey=JRNWTJUIMRLKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H27N3O2.ClH/c1-4-24(5-2)14-15-25-21-9-7-6-8-19(21)23-20(22(25)26)16-17-10-12-18(27-3)13-11-17;/h6-13H,4-5,14-16H2,1-3H3;1H
| Molecular Formula | C22H27N3O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 365.4687 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/international/caroverine.html | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174979 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042481 | http://www.mims.com/india/drug/info/caroverine?type=full&mtype=generic | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9297050
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/international/caroverine.html | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174979 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042481 | http://www.mims.com/india/drug/info/caroverine?type=full&mtype=generic | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9297050
Caroverine is a spasmolytic drug used in tinnitus treatment improves mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction phenomenon and otoneuroprotective agent. Caroverine acts as an N-type calcium channel blocker, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. When excessive glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, the receptor opens and allows calcium and sodium to enter the neuron, abnormal levels of calcium disturbs ionic balance causing spontaneous depolarization state. Pathological spontaneous depolarization state is reversed back to physiological polarization state by antagonistic property of Caroverine.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Different action of memantine and caroverine on glutamatergic transmission in the mammalian cochlea. | 2002 |
|
| Clinical experience with caroverine in inner ear diseases. | 2002 |
|
| The quinoxaline derivative caroverine in the treatment of sensorineural smell disorders: a proof-of-concept study. | 2002 Dec |
|
| Sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for dihydroergotamine and its major metabolite in human plasma. | 2002 Mar 5 |
|
| Caroverine, a multifunctional drug with antioxidant functions. | 2003 |
|
| [Therapy of olfactory loss]. | 2003 Aug |
|
| The antioxidant activity of caroverine. | 2003 Jan 1 |
|
| Pharmacokinetics of caroverine in the inner ear and its effects on cochlear function after systemic and local administrations in Guinea pigs. | 2003 Jan-Feb |
|
| Acute treatment of noise trauma with local caroverine application in the guinea pig. | 2003 Oct |
|
| Caroverine inhibits the conditioned place aversion induced by naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats. | 2003 Oct 2 |
|
| Tinnitus: pharmacological topodiagnosis. | 2004 |
|
| [Drug therapy for disturbances of smelling]. | 2004 Feb |
|
| [Use of the round window micro cath for inner ear therapy - results of a placebo-controlled, prospective study on chronic tinnitus]. | 2004 Mar |
|
| Protection of auditory function against noise trauma with local caroverine administration in guinea pigs. | 2004 Nov |
|
| Re-establishment of olfactory and taste functions. | 2005 |
|
| Therapy of hearing disorders - conservative procedures. | 2005 |
|
| Ubiquinol and the papaverine derivative caroverine prevent the expression of tumour- promoting factors in adenoma and carcinoma colon cancer cells induced by dietary fat. | 2005 |
|
| Topical administration of Caroverine in somatic tinnitus treatment: proof-of-concept study. | 2005 |
|
| Suppression of tumour-promoting factors in fat-induced colon carcinogenesis by the antioxidants caroverine and ubiquinone. | 2005 Jul-Aug |
|
| Low-dose, long-term caroverine administration attenuates impulse noise-induced hearing loss in the rat. | 2006 Dec |
|
| [Changes of synaptoarchitecture of the retina after the light-induced damage and their correction by plant antioxidants]. | 2008 |
|
| Visual-procedural memory consolidation during sleep blocked by glutamatergic receptor antagonists. | 2008 May 21 |
|
| Changes in the synaptoarchitectonics of the retina after light-induced damage and their correction with antioxidants of plant origin. | 2009 Feb |
|
| Blocking AMPA receptor signalling by caroverine infusion does not affect counter-regulation of hypoglycaemia in healthy men. | 2009 Jun |
|
| Tinnitus: characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments. | 2009 Mar |
|
| Analysis of 60 patients after tympanotomy and sealing of the round window membrane after acute unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. | 2009 May-Jun |
|
| Development of a list of potentially inappropriate drugs for the korean elderly using the delphi method. | 2010 Dec |
|
| Neuropharmacology of vestibular system disorders. | 2010 Mar |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Adult: 20-40 mg 3-4 times daily. Max: 200 mg/day.
Max Dosage: 200 mg daily.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Cytotoxicity of caroverine in HNSCC cell lines was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). Briefly, 3 9 103 cells were seeded into 96 well plates and allowed to rest for 24 h. Caroverine was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted to concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 mkM. Cells were incubated with increasing doses of caroverine and after 72 h, cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 05:43:03 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Sat Dec 16 05:43:03 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
OSH993362T
|
| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29698
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3043582
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55750-05-5
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C97968
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OSH993362T
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