Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C11H13O3.Na |
| Molecular Weight | 216.2089 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=OGBHACNFHJJTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C11H14O3.Na/c1-2-3-8-14-11(13)9-4-6-10(12)7-5-9;/h4-7,12H,2-3,8H2,1H3;/q;+1/p-1
| Molecular Formula | Na |
| Molecular Weight | 22.9898 |
| Charge | 1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C11H13O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 193.2191 |
| Charge | -1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Parabens are widely used preservatives in basic necessities such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It was found, that butylparaben has estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties and is known to reduce sperm counts in rats following perinatal exposure. In addition was observed, that butylparaben exerted endocrine disrupting effects on both male and female offspring. In 2009-2010, 80 pregnant women from Ottawa Canada participated in the Plastics and Personal-Care Product Use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. Women kept a diary of products that they used 24 h prior to and during the collection. All parabens measured in maternal urine had moderate to high reproducibility. Women who used lotions in the past 24 h had significantly higher geometric mean paraben concentrations (80-110%) in their urine than women who reported no use in the past 24 h. Women who used shampoo, conditioner, and cosmetics also showed 70-80% higher butylparaben concentrations in their urine.
Approval Year
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inactive ingredient | Fluoxetine Approved Useluoxetine is indicated for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The efficacy of Fluoxetine in MDD was established in one 5-week trial, three 6-week trials, and one maintenance study in adults. The efficacy of Fluoxetine was also established in two 8- to 9-week trials in pediatric patients 8 to 18 years of age Launch Date1987 |
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PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Eco-friendly methodologies for the synthesis of some aromatic esters, well-known cosmetic ingredients. | 2005 Feb |
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| Comparative study for the analysis of parabens by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with and without large-volume sample stacking technique. | 2006 Mar 15 |
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| Preliminary ecological risk assessment of butylparaben and benzylparaben -2. Fate and partitioning in aquatic environments. | 2007 |
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| Preliminary ecological risk assessment of butylparaben and benzylparaben -1. Removal efficiency in wastewater treatment, acute/chronic toxicity for aquatic organisms, and effects on medaka gene expression. | 2007 |
|
| Dose-response of the cultured bovine lens to butyl, methyl and propyl parabens. | 2007 Apr |
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| Variability in human skin permeability in vitro: comparing penetrants with different physicochemical properties. | 2007 Apr |
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| Parabens inhibit human skin estrogen sulfotransferase activity: possible link to paraben estrogenic effects. | 2007 Apr 11 |
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| Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans. | 2007 Aug 1 |
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| Activity of xenoestrogens at nanomolar concentrations in the E-Screen assay. | 2007 Dec |
|
| Influence of crystal structure on the tableting properties of n-alkyl 4-hydroxybenzoate esters (parabens). | 2007 Dec |
|
| Hydrolysis of a series of parabens by skin microsomes and cytosol from human and minipigs and in whole skin in short-term culture. | 2007 Dec 1 |
|
| Simultaneous determination of seven phthalates and four parabens in cosmetic products using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS methods. | 2007 Jan |
|
| Comparison of the global gene expression profiles produced by methylparaben, n-butylparaben and 17beta-oestradiol in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. | 2007 Jan-Feb |
|
| Simultaneous determination of antioxidants, preservatives and sweetener additives in food and cosmetics by flow injection analysis coupled to a monolithic column. | 2007 Jul 2 |
|
| [Simultaneous determination of nine kinds of preservatives in foods by HPLC]. | 2007 Jun |
|
| Investigating protein haptenation mechanisms of skin sensitisers using human serum albumin as a model protein. | 2007 Jun |
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| Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products. | 2007 Jun 15 |
|
| [Simultaneous determination of phthalates and parabens in cosmetic products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction]. | 2007 Mar |
|
| Comparison of objective and sensory skin irritations of several cosmetic preservatives. | 2007 Mar |
|
| [Enhancement of di-n-butyl phthalate on the estrogenic activities of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid]. | 2007 May |
|
| Studies on the lipophilicity of vehicles (or co-vehicles) and botanical oils used in cosmetic products. | 2007 May |
|
| Assessment of principal parabens used in cosmetics after their passage through human epidermis-dermis layers (ex-vivo study). | 2007 Oct |
|
| Temporal stability of the conjugated species of bisphenol A, parabens, and other environmental phenols in human urine. | 2007 Sep |
|
| Final amended report on the safety assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. | 2008 |
|
| Percutaneous permeation enhancement by terpenes: mechanistic view. | 2008 |
|
| Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. | 2008 Apr |
|
| Analysis and quantification of parabens in cosmetic products by utilizing hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. | 2008 Aug |
|
| Higher levels of ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in rat amniotic fluid than in maternal plasma after subcutaneous administration. | 2008 Dec |
|
| Development of an in vitro test battery for assessing chemical effects on bovine germ cells under the ReProTect umbrella. | 2008 Dec 15 |
|
| Determination of parabens in environmental solid samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. | 2008 Dec 19 |
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| Electrospun polymer nanofibers as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of trace pollutants in environmental water. | 2008 Feb |
|
| Genotoxic effects of environmental estrogen-like compounds in CHO-K1 cells. | 2008 Jan 8 |
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| Skin protection creams in medical settings: successful or evil? | 2008 Jul 25 |
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| Association of nicotinamide with parabens: effect on solubility, partition and transdermal permeation. | 2008 Jun |
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| Effect of abrasion induced by a rotating brush on the skin permeation of solutes with varying physicochemical properties. | 2008 Mar |
|
| [Application of single drop microextraction in the determination of phthalate esters and parabens in drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. | 2008 May |
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| Do parabens have the ability to interfere with steroidogenesis? | 2008 Nov |
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| Simultaneous determination of 21 preservatives in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography. | 2008 Oct |
|
| The membrane lateral pressure-perturbing capacity of parabens and their effects on the mechanosensitive channel directly correlate with hydrophobicity. | 2008 Oct 7 |
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| A structural and thermal investigation of the inclusion of parabens in heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaose. | 2008 Sep 22 |
|
| Impact of diisobutyl phthalate and other PPAR agonists on steroidogenesis and plasma insulin and leptin levels in fetal rats. | 2008 Sep 4 |
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| Short-term iontophoretic and post-iontophoretic transport of model penetrants across excised human epidermis. | 2009 Feb 9 |
|
| Comparison of artificial sebum with human and hamster sebum samples. | 2009 Feb 9 |
|
| Identification of xenoestrogens in food additives by an integrated in silico and in vitro approach. | 2009 Jan |
|
| Parabens in male infertility-is there a mitochondrial connection? | 2009 Jan |
|
| Evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives by using the yeast two-hybrid assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 2009 Jan |
|
| Removal of estrogenic activity of iso-butylparaben and n-butylparaben by laccase in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. | 2009 Jul |
|
| Analysis of parabens in cosmetics by low pressure liquid chromatography with monolithic column and chemiluminescent detection. | 2009 Jul 15 |
|
| Relating solubility data of parabens in liquid PEG 400 to the behaviour of PEG 4000-parabens solid dispersions. | 2009 Oct |
|
| Determination of ibudilast in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic study. | 2010 Mar |
Sample Use Guides
in rats: orally exposed to 0, 10, 100, or 500 mg/kg bw/d of butylparaben from gestation day 7 to pup day 22
Route of Administration:
Oral
It was evaluated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-7) m [1-100 nm; 0.39-39 ng ml(-1) ]) and butylparaben (BP) (ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-5) m [10 nm-10 μm; 1.9 ng ml(-1) to 1.9 μg ml(-1) ]), alone and in combination, on isolated mouse preantral follicle and human granulosa cell (hGC) cultures to study direct effects on follicle growth and ovarian steroidogenesis. It was found that, in follicle culture, DEHP and BP attenuate estradiol output but only when present together. DEHP decreases progesterone concentrations in the spent media of hGC cultures, an effect that was attenuated when BP was added together with DEHP. Although changes in steroidogenesis were observed, no effects on follicular development or survival were noted in the culture systems
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:55:53 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 15:55:53 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
MAR76J77VS
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C92608
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1306936
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DTXSID10189971
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23671890
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MAR76J77VS
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100000136385
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36457-20-2
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253-049-7
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C83570
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SUB74744
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
