Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C16H17N3O2.C4H6O5 |
Molecular Weight | 417.4125 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O.CN(C)CCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=CC(N)=CC(C1=O)=C23
InChI
InChIKey=JNZBHHQBPHSOMU-WNQIDUERSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H17N3O2.C4H6O5/c1-18(2)6-7-19-15(20)12-5-3-4-10-8-11(17)9-13(14(10)12)16(19)21;5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h3-5,8-9H,6-7,17H2,1-2H3;2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t;2-/m.0/s1
Molecular Formula | C16H17N3O2 |
Molecular Weight | 283.3251 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C4H6O5 |
Molecular Weight | 134.0874 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionSources: https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020664 | http://www.io.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/migrated/1560.9e11b231899b3bee8fba1e90fc9fd6cd.pdf | https://www.rdmag.com/news/2010/09/antisomas-phase-iii-trial-as1413-completes-patient-enrolment | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532886https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21591994 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17826829 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732165 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7977172 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9816035 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22272701
Sources: https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020664 | http://www.io.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/migrated/1560.9e11b231899b3bee8fba1e90fc9fd6cd.pdf | https://www.rdmag.com/news/2010/09/antisomas-phase-iii-trial-as1413-completes-patient-enrolment | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532886https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21591994 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17826829 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732165 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7977172 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9816035 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22272701
Amonafide is an imide derivative of naphthalic acid. It is a novel topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitor and DNA intercalator that induces apoptotic signaling by blocking the binding of Topo II to DNA. Amonafide retains cytotoxic activity even in the presence of P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR). It is a new investigational anticancer drug. Amonafide has been extensively studied in patients with malignant solid tumors, like prostate cancer, breast cancer and others. When its usefulness in the treatment of various solid malignancies proved limited, focus was shifted to establishing its use as an antileukemic agent, specifically against secondary and treatment-associated acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3349561 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7623074
Curator's Comment: poor penetration. brain retained less than 0.02% of the original dose.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094255 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3140325 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2550774 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.25 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2549205 |
1104 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 1104 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMONAFIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
16.64 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2549205 |
1104 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 1104 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMONAFIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
40 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1988134 |
1800 mg/m² 1 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1800 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
AMONAFIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2549205 |
1104 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 1104 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMONAFIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
5.6 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1988134 |
1800 mg/m² 1 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1800 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
AMONAFIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1800 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.936 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acute leukemia Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 4 Sources: Page: p.936 |
DLT: Mucositis, Skin erythema... Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... Dose limiting toxicities: Mucositis (100%) Other AEs:Skin erythema (100%) Nausea (grade 3, 50%) Sources: Page: p.936Vomiting (grade 3, 50%) |
1104 mg/m2 single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1104 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1104 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.1354 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 5 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cancer Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 5 Sources: Page: p.1354 |
DLT: Granulocytopenia... Dose limiting toxicities: Granulocytopenia (grade 4, 40%) Sources: Page: p.1354 |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Mucositis | 100% DLT |
1800 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.936 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acute leukemia Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 4 Sources: Page: p.936 |
Skin erythema | 100% DLT |
1800 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.936 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acute leukemia Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 4 Sources: Page: p.936 |
Nausea | grade 3, 50% | 1800 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.936 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acute leukemia Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 4 Sources: Page: p.936 |
Vomiting | grade 3, 50% | 1800 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1800 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.936 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acute leukemia Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 4 Sources: Page: p.936 |
Granulocytopenia | grade 4, 40% DLT |
1104 mg/m2 single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1104 mg/m2 Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1104 mg/m2 Sources: Page: p.1354 |
unhealthy, ADULT n = 5 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cancer Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Population Size: 5 Sources: Page: p.1354 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Pharmacogenetics of anticancer agents: lessons from amonafide and irinotecan. | 2001 Apr |
|
Preclinical antitumor activity of the azonafide series of anthracene-based DNA intercalators. | 2001 Mar |
|
Atp-bound topoisomerase ii as a target for antitumor drugs. | 2001 May 11 |
|
Phase II trial of amonafide in central nervous system tumors: a Southwest Oncology Group study. | 2002 Feb |
|
New analogues of amonafide and elinafide, containing aromatic heterocycles: synthesis, antitumor activity, molecular modeling, and DNA binding properties. | 2004 Mar 11 |
|
Novel thiazonaphthalimides as efficient antitumor and DNA photocleaving agents: effects of intercalation, side chains, and substituent groups. | 2005 Aug 15 |
|
Influence of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on kemp decarboxylations from QM/MM simulations. | 2005 Jun 22 |
|
2,2,2-Trichloro-N-({2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin- 5-yl}carbamoyl)acetamide (UNBS3157), a novel nonhematotoxic naphthalimide derivative with potent antitumor activity. | 2007 Aug 23 |
|
R16, a novel amonafide analogue, induces apoptosis and G2-M arrest via poisoning topoisomerase II. | 2007 Feb |
|
Ethonafide-induced cytotoxicity is mediated by topoisomerase II inhibition in prostate cancer cells. | 2007 Jun |
|
Antiproliferative effects on human tumor cells and rat aortic smooth muscular cells of 2,3-heteroarylmaleimides and heterofused imides. | 2008 Feb 15 |
|
Synthesis and anticancer activities of 6-amino amonafide derivatives. | 2008 Jan |
|
UNBS5162, a novel naphthalimide that decreases CXCL chemokine expression in experimental prostate cancers. | 2008 Jun |
|
Amonafide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, is unaffected by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. | 2008 Mar |
|
Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. | 2008 Nov |
|
Existing and emerging therapeutic options for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. | 2008 Nov |
|
Overview of naphthalimide analogs as anticancer agents. | 2009 |
|
Naphthalimides and azonafides as promising anti-cancer agents. | 2009 |
|
[Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of naphthalimide polyamine conjugates as antitumor agents]. | 2009 Jul |
|
Naphthalimides induce G(2) arrest through the ATM-activated Chk2-executed pathway in HCT116 cells. | 2009 Nov |
|
Novel naphthalimide derivatives as potential apoptosis-inducing agents: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. | 2009 Nov |
|
M(2)-A induces apoptosis and G(2)-M arrest via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in HL60 cells. | 2009 Oct 8 |
|
Phase I trials of amonafide as monotherapy and in combination with cytarabine in patients with poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia. | 2010 Apr |
|
Novel agents and regimens for acute myeloid leukemia: 2009 ASH annual meeting highlights. | 2010 Apr 23 |
|
A new class of naphthalimide-based antitumor agents that inhibit topoisomerase II and induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. | 2010 Mar 25 |
|
5-Butyl-amino-2-[2-(dimethyl-amino)eth-yl]-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione. | 2010 May 26 |
|
Amonafide: a potential role in treating acute myeloid leukemia. | 2011 Jul |
|
Phase III open-label randomized study of cytarabine in combination with amonafide L-malate or daunorubicin as induction therapy for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia. | 2015 Apr 10 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://www.io.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/migrated/1560.9e11b231899b3bee8fba1e90fc9fd6cd.pdf
Curator's Comment: in combination with Cytarabine 200 mg/m(2)
Amonafide L-malate is administered as an intravenous infusion (IV) at 600mg/m2 daily, over 5 days in combination with cytarabine.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 01:35:10 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Sat Dec 16 01:35:10 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
LI06Q37TEG
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/07/483
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
227506
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C582
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C522694
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C61306
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CHEMBL428676
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618863-54-0
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10216431
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YY-61
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100000128388
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LI06Q37TEG
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SUB35395
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