U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula 2C15H17FN4O3.3H2O
Molecular Weight 694.6836
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ENOXACIN SESQUIHYDRATE

SMILES

O.O.O.CCN1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=C1N=C(N3CCNCC3)C(F)=C2.CCN4C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C5=C4N=C(N6CCNCC6)C(F)=C5

InChI

InChIKey=DKNNITGJCMPHKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/2C15H17FN4O3.3H2O/c2*1-2-19-8-10(15(22)23)12(21)9-7-11(16)14(18-13(9)19)20-5-3-17-4-6-20;;;/h2*7-8,17H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,22,23);3*1H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C15H17FN4O3
Molecular Weight 320.3189
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula H2O
Molecular Weight 18.0153
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6226242 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8429114 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8494374

Enoxacin is an oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. Enoxacin is bactericidal drugs, eradicating bacteria by interfering with DNA replication. Like other fluoroquinolones, enoxacin functions by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The inhibition of these enzymes prevents bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination. Enoxacin is active against many Gram-positive bacteria. After oral administration enoxacin is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The antibiotic is widely distributed throughout the body and in the different biological tissues. Tissue concentrations often exceed serum concentrations. The binding of enoxacin to serum proteins is 35 to 40%. The serum elimination half-life, in subjects with normal renal function, is approximately 6 hours. Approximately 60% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug within 24 hours. Enoxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, is known to trigger seizures or lower the seizure threshold. The compound should not be administered to patients with epilepsy or a personal history of previous convulsive attacks as may promote the onset of these disorders.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Enoxacin is a new pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative synthesized by Matsumoto et al.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
PENETREX

Approved Use

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (cystitis) due to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis*, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Enterobacter cloacae.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
PENETREX

Approved Use

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (cystitis) due to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis*, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Enterobacter cloacae.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
PENETREX

Approved Use

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (cystitis) due to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis*, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Enterobacter cloacae.

Launch Date

1991
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.4 mg/L
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
4-OXO-ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
0.7 mg/L
400 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
4-OXO-ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
3.8 mg/L
800 mg single, oral
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
6.58 mg/L
800 mg single, intravenous
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
1.02 mg/L
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
1.83 mg/L
200 mg single, intravenous
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4.8 mg/L
400 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
7.4 mg/L
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
25.75 mg × h/L
800 mg single, oral
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
29.08 mg × h/L
800 mg single, intravenous
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4.67 mg × h/L
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
5.35 mg × h/L
200 mg single, intravenous
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6 h
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
4-OXO-ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
4.9 h
800 mg single, oral
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4.9 h
800 mg single, intravenous
dose: 800 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
3.2 h
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
3.2 h
200 mg single, intravenous
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4.5 h
400 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
6 h
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ENOXACIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
600 mg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 41.9 years
n = 79
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: cystitis
Age Group: 41.9 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 79
Sources:
200 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 43.8 years
n = 75
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: cystitis
Age Group: 43.8 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 75
Sources:
600 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 20060
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Gram-negative urinary tract pathogens
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 20060
Sources:
Other AEs: Gastrointestinal disorders, Epidermal and dermal conditions...
Other AEs:
Gastrointestinal disorders (1.3%)
Epidermal and dermal conditions (0.4%)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Epidermal and dermal conditions 0.4%
600 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 20060
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Gram-negative urinary tract pathogens
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 20060
Sources:
Gastrointestinal disorders 1.3%
600 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 20060
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Gram-negative urinary tract pathogens
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 20060
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim

Drug as victim

PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Assessment of temafloxacin neurotoxicity in rodents.
1991 Dec 30
Hippocampus and frontal cortex are the potential mediatory sites for convulsions induced by new quinolones and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
1991 Jun
Enoxacin acute liver injury.
1992 May
Anti-toxoplasma activities of 24 quinolones and fluoroquinolones in vitro: prediction of activity by molecular topology and virtual computational techniques.
2000 Oct
Prediction of quinolone activity against Mycobacterium avium by molecular topology and virtual computational screening.
2000 Oct
Pharmacokinetic aspects of treating infections in the intensive care unit: focus on drug interactions.
2001
Comparison of side effects of levofloxacin versus other fluoroquinolones.
2001
History of quinolones and their side effects.
2001
Quinolones and false-positive urine screening for opiates by immunoassay technology.
2001 Dec 26
Effect of liposomes and niosomes on skin permeation of enoxacin.
2001 May 21
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some novel N-substituted piperazinyl-quinolones.
2001 Nov-Dec
Is more than one quinolone needed in clinical practice?
2001 Sep
Biphenylacetic acid enhances the antagonistic action of fluoroquinolones on the GABA(A)-mediated responses of the isolated guinea-pig ileum.
2001 Sep
[Drug interactions between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and pazufloxacin mesilate, a new quinolone antibacterial agent for intravenous use: convulsions in mice after intravenous or intracerebroventricular administration].
2002 Jun
[Phototoxicity studies of pazufloxacin mesilate, a novel parenteral quinolone antimicrobial agent--in vitro and in vivo studies].
2002 Jun
Osteoadsorptive bisphosphonate derivatives of fluoroquinolone antibacterials.
2002 May 23
Antituberculosis agents. III. In vitro evaluation of antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of some N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives.
2002 May-Jun
Laser flash photolysis study of photoionization in fluoroquinolones.
2002 Nov
[The history of the development and changes of quinolone antibacterial agents].
2003
Corneal and scleral permeability of quinolones--a pharmacokinetics study.
2003 Dec
Pharmacological evaluation of garenoxacin, a novel des-F(6)-quinolone antimicrobial agent: effects on the central nervous system.
2003 Feb
Direct determination of four fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, in pharmaceuticals and blood serum by HPLC.
2003 Mar
[Analysis of the response factors of different quinolones detected by evaporative light-scattering detector].
2003 Sep
Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of N-[5-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] piperazinyl quinolones.
2003 Sep
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase: interaction with quinolones and correlation with antimycobacterial drug activity.
2004 Apr
Validation of HPLC method for determination of six fluoroquinolones: cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin.
2004 Dec
[Simultaneous determination of quinolones in foods by LC/MS/MS].
2004 Oct
A novel approach to estimate in vitro antibacterial potency of Chinese medicine using a concentration-killing curve method.
2005
Determination of fluoroquinolones in edible animal tissue samples by high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction.
2005 Apr
Evaluation of phototoxic and photoallergic potentials of 13 compounds by different in vitro and in vivo methods.
2005 Apr 4
Celecoxib does not induce convulsions nor does it affect GABAA receptor binding activity in the presence of new quinolones in mice.
2005 Jan 10
Structure-phototoxicity relationship in Balb/c mice treated with fluoroquinolone derivatives, followed by ultraviolet-A irradiation.
2005 Jul 4
Induced and photoinduced DNA damage by quinolones: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and nalidixic acid determined by comet assay.
2005 Jul-Aug
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Interaction study between enoxacin and fluvoxamine.
2005 Jun
Direct determination of five fluoroquinolones in chicken whole blood and in veterinary drugs by HPLC.
2005 Mar
Antibacterial studies, DNA oxidative cleavage, and crystal structures of Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes with two quinolone family members, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin.
2005 Mar
Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter isolates from conventional and antibiotic-free chicken products.
2005 May
Susceptibility and resistance genes to fluoroquinolones in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 2002.
2005 May
Separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones by pressurized capillary electrochromatography.
2005 Nov
Mutagenesis induced by 12 quinolone antibacterial agents in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101.
2006 Apr
Effects of Transcutol P on the corneal permeability of drugs and evaluation of its ocular irritation of rabbit eyes.
2006 Jan
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Enoxacin should be taken at least one hour before or at least two hours after a meal. For treatment uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea: 400 mg single dose. For treatment uncomplicated urinary tract infections 200 mg q12h for 7 days. For treatment complicated urinary tract infections: 400 mg q12h for 14 days. Dosage should be adjusted in patients with a creatinine clearance value of 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 or less.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
The in vitro antibacterial activity of AT-2266 (Enoxacin ) was tested by the determination of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and the reduction of viable cells during exposure to the drug for 24 h. MIC90s of AT-2266 for P. aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid were 3.13 and 12.5 mkg/ml, respectively
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
Record UNII
I9CD31N8WB
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ENOXACIN SESQUIHYDRATE
MI   WHO-DD  
Common Name English
ENOXACIN SESQUIHYDRATE [MI]
Common Name English
1,8-NAPHTHYRIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 1-ETHYL-6-FLUORO-1,4-DIHYDRO-4-OXO-7-(1-PIPERAZINYL)-, HYDRATE (2:3)
Common Name English
ENOXACIN HYDRATE
JAN  
Common Name English
ENOXACIN HYDRATE [JAN]
Common Name English
Enoxacin sesquihydrate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
PUBCHEM
24840537
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB13675MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID801004596
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000078941
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
84294-96-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
I9CD31N8WB
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4911
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:34:42 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY