Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C20H22ClN3O.2ClH |
Molecular Weight | 428.783 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.Cl.CCN(CC)CC1=CC(NC2=CC=NC3=C2C=CC(Cl)=C3)=CC=C1O
InChI
InChIKey=ROEBJVHPINPMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C20H22ClN3O.2ClH/c1-3-24(4-2)13-14-11-16(6-8-20(14)25)23-18-9-10-22-19-12-15(21)5-7-17(18)19;;/h5-12,25H,3-4,13H2,1-2H3,(H,22,23);2*1H
Molecular Formula | C20H22ClN3O |
Molecular Weight | 355.861 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | ClH |
Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00613 | https://www.drugs.com/international/amodiaquine.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9825729 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949374 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855526
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00613 | https://www.drugs.com/international/amodiaquine.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9825729 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949374 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855526
Amodiaquine is a medication used to treat malaria, including Plasmodium falciparum malaria when uncomplicated. The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of amodiaquine is not completely certain. Like other quinoline derivatives, it is thought to inhibit heme polymerase activity. This results in accumulation of free heme, which is toxic to the parasites. The drug binds the free heme preventing the parasite from converting it to a form less toxic. This drug-heme complex is toxic and disrupts membrane function. The side effects of amodiaquine are generally minor to moderate and are similar to those of chloroquine. Rarely liver problems or low blood cell levels may occur. When taken in excess headaches, trouble seeing, seizures, and cardiac arrest may occur. After oral administration amodiaquine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed,and undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism to desethylamodiaquine which concentrates in red blood cells. It is likely that desethylamodiaquine, not amodiaquine, is responsible for most of the observed antimalarial activity, and that the toxic effects of amodiaquine after oral administration may in part be due to desethylamodiaquine.
CNS Activity
Curator's Comment: Although in use for more than 40 year, there exists little information regarding the disposition of amodiaquine in man. Chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline derivative which resembles amodiaquine structurally, is widely distributed into the body tissues, especially in liver, spleen, kidney, lungs, brain, and spinal cord.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Heme degradation by glutathione Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9825729 |
|||
Target ID: Heme polymerization |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Coarsucam Approved UseTherapeutic Indication. ARTESUNATE AMODIAQUINE WINTHROP is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated cases of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum strains which are susceptible to amodiaquine as well as to artesunate. |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
21 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, oral dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
322 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
415 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
77 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, oral dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, oral dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
10.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8983859/ |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
AMODIAQUINE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20368402/ |
270 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 270 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: ARTESUNATE |
AMODIAQUINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
73.4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 73.4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 73.4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 to 76 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: 17 to 76 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Other AEs: Agranulocytosis... |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 15 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Hypersensitivity reaction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypersensitivity reaction (6.7%) Sources: |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 7 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Other AEs: Leucopenia, Neutropenia... Other AEs: Leucopenia (grade 1, 14%) Sources: Neutropenia (grade 1, 14%) |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: artesunate(4 mg/kg; single dose) Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 8 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Other AEs: Neutropenia... |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 8 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Other AEs: Transaminitis... |
45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... Other AEs: Nausea (35%) Sources: Vomiting (35%) Lassitude (grade 2, 60%) Diarrhoea (15%) Constipation (10%) Granulocytopenia (15%) |
600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Other AEs: Weakness generalised, Dizziness... Other AEs: Weakness generalised (84%) Sources: Dizziness (58%) Vomiting (46%) Itching (32%) Nausea (26%) |
71.6 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 71.6 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 71.6 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 35 years n = 2 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 35 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 2 Sources: |
Other AEs: Hepatotoxicity... |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Agranulocytosis | 73.4 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 73.4 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 73.4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 to 76 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: 17 to 76 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
|
Hypersensitivity reaction | 6.7% Disc. AE |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 15 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Leucopenia | grade 1, 14% | 10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 7 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Neutropenia | grade 1, 14% | 10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 7 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Neutropenia | grade 2, 12% | 10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: artesunate(4 mg/kg; single dose) Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 8 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Transaminitis | grade 3, 12% | 10 mg/kg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 to 45 years n = 8 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 to 45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Constipation | 10% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Diarrhoea | 15% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Granulocytopenia | 15% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Nausea | 35% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Vomiting | 35% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Lassitude | grade 2, 60% | 45 mg/kg multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 45 mg/kg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: onchocerciasis Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Nausea | 26% | 600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Itching | 32% | 600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Vomiting | 46% | 600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Dizziness | 58% | 600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Weakness generalised | 84% | 600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 20 years n = 220 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 220 Sources: |
Hepatotoxicity | 71.6 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Studied dose Dose: 71.6 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 71.6 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 35 years n = 2 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: malaria Age Group: median age 35 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 2 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
major | yes (co-administration study) Comment: When administered with efavirenz, 125%, 78%, 80%, and 42.15% increase in the Tmax, Cmax AUCT and T1/2 of amodiaquine respectively |
|||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
unlikely | unlikely Comment: Since artesunate is mainly metabolized by CYP2A6, drug–drug interaction between artesunate and AQ is unlikely to occur |
|||
yes |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
[Developments in anti-malaria agents: chemical data, structure-activity relationships]. | 2001 Apr |
|
Plasmodium falciparum in Kenya: high prevalence of drug-resistance-associated polymorphisms in hospital admissions with severe malaria in an epidemic area. | 2001 Oct |
|
[National Network study to perpetuate the surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to antimalarials in Madagascar]. | 2002 |
|
A randomized comparison of chloroquine, amodiaquine and their combination with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. | 2002 Apr |
|
[In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to amino-4-quinolines and sulfadoxine pyrimethamine in Agou (Ivory Coast)]. | 2002 Apr |
|
Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial. | 2002 Apr 20 |
|
In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to amodiaquine compared with other major antimalarials in Madagascar. | 2002 Dec |
|
Molecular epidemiology of malaria in cameroon. IX. Characteristics of recrudescent and persistent Plasmodium falciparum infections after chloroquine or amodiaquine treatment in children. | 2002 Feb |
|
The safety and efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and their combination in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. | 2002 Jul |
|
Efficacy of amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Harper, Liberia. | 2002 Nov-Dec |
|
Glutathione is involved in the antimalarial action of chloroquine and its modulation affects drug sensitivity of human and murine species of Plasmodium. | 2003 |
|
Amodiaquine for treating malaria. | 2003 |
|
Chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria at three sentinel sites in northern Togo. | 2003 Dec |
|
Distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in a longitudinal antimalarial drug efficacy study: comparison of results based on genotyping of msp-1, msp-2, and glurp. | 2003 Feb |
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of amodiaquine, chloroquine and their monodesethyl metabolites in biological samples. | 2003 Jan 15 |
|
A randomized comparison of chloroquine and chloroquine plus ketotifen in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. | 2003 Mar |
|
Chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Upper Nile, south Sudan. | 2003 Mar-Apr |
|
Polymorphism in two merozoite surface proteins of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Gabon. | 2003 May 9 |
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[Misunderstood neurological side effects of amodiaquine: apropos of 35 cases in children at Central University Hospital of Yopougon at Abidjan, Côte d' Ivoire]. | 2003 Nov |
|
The efficacy of antimalarial monotherapies, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine in East Africa: implications for sub-regional policy. | 2003 Oct |
|
The relationship of physico-chemical properties and structure to the differential antiplasmodial activity of the cinchona alkaloids. | 2003 Sep 1 |
|
Drug resistant falciparum malaria and the use of artesunate-based combinations: focus on clinical trials sponsored by TDR. | 2003 Sep-Dec |
|
Antimalarial drug toxicity: a review. | 2004 |
|
[Pyrido [3,2-b]indol-4-yl-amines--synthesis and investigation of activity against malaria]. | 2004 Apr |
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In vitro efficacy of antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium vivax on the western border of Thailand. | 2004 Apr |
|
Antimalarial efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and a combination of chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Bundi Bugyo, western Uganda. | 2004 Apr |
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A randomized trial of amodiaquine and artesunate alone and in combination for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children from Burkina Faso. | 2004 Apr |
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Can amodiaquine be used safely during pregnancy? | 2004 Apr |
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Malaria intermittent preventive treatment in infants, chemoprophylaxis, and childhood vaccinations. | 2004 Apr 24 |
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Liquid chromatographic determination of amodiaquine in human plasma. | 2004 Apr 25 |
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Efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone or combined with amodiaquine or chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children. | 2004 Feb |
|
Efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and combination therapy with artesunate in Mozambican children with non-complicated malaria. | 2004 Feb |
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Selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic assay of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in whole blood spotted on filter paper. | 2004 Jan 5 |
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Developing artemisinin based drug combinations for the treatment of drug resistant falciparum malaria: A review. | 2004 Jan-Mar |
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Molecular analysis of Plasmodium falciparum from drug treatment failure patients in Papua New Guinea. | 2004 Mar |
|
Efficacy of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in rural Burkina Faso. | 2004 May 11 |
|
A new method for detection of pfmdr1 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum DNA using real-time PCR. | 2004 May 7 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
For the treatment of acute malarial attacks in non-immune subjects: 600 mg of the base, followed by 200 mg after 6 hours, then 400 mg daily on each of the subsequent two days. Doses may be taken with meals to lessen gastric upset.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9825729
The FCR3 strain of Plasmodium falciparum was synchronized and cultivated to the trophozoite stage. Synchronized cultures were seeded at the ring stage and allowed to grow for another 20 hr until most parasites reached the trophozoite stage; parasitemia and cell number were determined, and cultures were cultured 6 drug for 1,2,3 and 4 h. One milliliter of culture was washed twice in wash medium (culture medium without plasma, 37°) to remove the drug, and cells were seeded in 24-well culture plates in full culture medium supplemented with 5 mCi/mL of [3H]hypoxanthine. After 4 hr of further cultivation, triplicate samples were transferred into 96-well plates, and parasiteassociated radioactivity was determined using the Filtermate/Matrix 96 Direct Beta counter. Inhibition of parasite growth was calculated compared to untreated controls.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:52:02 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
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Record UNII |
HOE64181MP
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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HOE64181MP
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69-44-3
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SOLVATE->ANHYDROUS | |||
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |