DEFEROXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C25H48N6O8.ClH
Molecular Weight	597.145
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

Cl.CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN

InChI

InChIKey=KCRQZLMAZHZDCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C25H48N6O8.ClH/c1-21(32)29(37)18-9-3-6-16-27-22(33)12-14-25(36)31(39)20-10-4-7-17-28-23(34)11-13-24(35)30(38)19-8-2-5-15-26;/h37-39H,2-20,26H2,1H3,(H,27,33)(H,28,34);1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C25H48N6O8
Molecular Weight	560.684
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	ClH
Molecular Weight	36.461
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/016267s050lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19509317

Deferoxamine (brand name Desferal) an iron chelator, is a drug for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Deferoxamine chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents the iron entering into further chemical reactions. However, drug may cause hypersensitivity reactions, systemic allergic reactions, and cardiovascular, hematologic and neurological adverse reactions. Serious adverse reactions include significant hypotension and marked body weight loss. Principally plasma enzymes metabolize deferoxamine, but the pathways have not yet been defined. The chelate is readily soluble in water and passes easily through the kidney, giving the urine a characteristic reddish color. Some is also excreted in the feces via the bile.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Iron 18 Target ID: CHEMBL2363058 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339658	Chelating Agent 142

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Acute iron intoxication 5 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/016267s050lbl.pdf	Palliative		Approved 8429	DESFERAL Approved Use Deferoxamine Mesylate for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Acute Iron Intoxication Deferoxamine mesylate is an adjunct to, and not a substitute for, standard measures used in treating acute iron intoxication, which may include the following: induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac; gastric lavage; suction and maintenance of a clear airway; control of shock with intravenous fluids, blood, oxygen, and vasopressors; and correction of acidosis. Chronic Iron Overload Deferoxamine mesylate can promote iron excretion in patients with secondary iron overload from multiple transfusions (as may occur in the treatment of some chronic anemias, including thalassemia). Long-term therapy with deferoxamine mesylate slows accumulation of hepatic iron and retards or eliminates progression of hepatic fibrosis. Iron mobilization with deferoxamine mesylate is relatively poor in patients under the age of 3 years with relatively little iron overload. The drug should ordinarily not be given to such patients unless significant iron mobilization (e.g., 1 mg or more of iron per day) can be demonstrated. Deferoxamine mesylate is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis, since phlebotomy is the method of choice for removing excess iron in this disorder. Launch Date 1968
Chronic iron overload 5 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/016267s050lbl.pdf	Palliative		Approved 8429	DESFERAL Approved Use Deferoxamine Mesylate for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Acute Iron Intoxication Deferoxamine mesylate is an adjunct to, and not a substitute for, standard measures used in treating acute iron intoxication, which may include the following: induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac; gastric lavage; suction and maintenance of a clear airway; control of shock with intravenous fluids, blood, oxygen, and vasopressors; and correction of acidosis. Chronic Iron Overload Deferoxamine mesylate can promote iron excretion in patients with secondary iron overload from multiple transfusions (as may occur in the treatment of some chronic anemias, including thalassemia). Long-term therapy with deferoxamine mesylate slows accumulation of hepatic iron and retards or eliminates progression of hepatic fibrosis. Iron mobilization with deferoxamine mesylate is relatively poor in patients under the age of 3 years with relatively little iron overload. The drug should ordinarily not be given to such patients unless significant iron mobilization (e.g., 1 mg or more of iron per day) can be demonstrated. Deferoxamine mesylate is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis, since phlebotomy is the method of choice for removing excess iron in this disorder. Launch Date 1968

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
7.4 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
12.9 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	100 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
15.7 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg single, intramuscular dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.5 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.7 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	100 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
6.1 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg single, intramuscular dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
10.1 μM REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	40 mg/kg single, subcutaneous dose: 40 mg/kg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
354 μM × h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered:		DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3.05 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered:		DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.59 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206963/	40 mg/kg single, subcutaneous dose: 40 mg/kg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEFEROXAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
700 mg/kg 1 times / day single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12644925/	unhealthy, 17 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: sickle cell-beta thalassemia Age Group: 17 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12644925/	Other AEs: Renal failure... Other AEs: Renal failure Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12644925/
135 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/	unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/	Disc. AE: Visual disturbances... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Visual disturbances Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/
240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/	unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/	DLT: Lethargy, Dizziness... Dose limiting toxicities: Lethargy Dizziness Blurred vision Leg cramps Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7840508/
62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21868742/	unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21868742/	DLT: Aspiration pneumonia... Other AEs: Hyperglycaemia, Vomiting... Dose limiting toxicities: Aspiration pneumonia (33.3%) Other AEs: Hyperglycaemia (grade 1, 16.7%) Vomiting (grade 1, 16.7%) Fatigue (grade 1, 16.7%) Infection (grade 1, 16.7%) Urinary tract infection (grade 1, 33.3%) Blood pressure decreased (grade 1, 16.7%) Hyponatraemia (grade 1, 16.7%) Agitation (grade 1, 16.7%) Convulsion (grade 1, 16.7%) Headache (grade 1, 16.7%) Lethargy (grade 1, 16.7%) Delirium (grade 1, 16.7%) Depression (grade 1, 16.7%) Respiratory failure (grade 1, 33.3%) Rash (grade 1, 16.7%) Skin irritation (grade 1, 16.7%) Deep vein thrombosis (grade 1, 16.7%) Hypotension (grade 1, 16.7%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21868742/

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 1587	inhibitor 1767	inhibitor 1852

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1524 CYP2C19 1478 OATP1B1 788 OATP1B3 706

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP1A2 1692	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzMzU2IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDEyMzQifX0%3D	no [Activation >10 uM]
CYP2C19 1553	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNjIyIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDEyMzQifX0%3D	no [Activation >10 uM]
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzMzk3IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDEyMzQifX0%3D	no [Activation >10 uM]
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwyODkiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMMTIzNCJ9fQ%3D%3D	no [Activation >10 uM]
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNDAiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMMTIzNCJ9fQ%3D%3D	no [Activation >10 uM]
OATP1B1 803	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes
OATP1B3 715	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
001 Chemical	DY567909	https://www.001chemical.com/chem/70-51-9
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	0917AC	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=0917AC
Alfa Chemistry	70-51-9	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/deferoxamine-cas-70-51-9-item-293386.htm
Ambeed	A698741	https://www.ambeed.com/products/70-51-9.html
Angel Pharmatech	AG105071	http://www.angelpharmatech.com/70-51-9.html
Angene	AGN-PC-0TYARJ	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0TYARJ.html
Anward	ANW-62156	http://www.anward.com/pro_result/48607
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A13.108.698	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A13.108.698
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K05.567.218	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K05.567.218
BLD Pharm	BD233947	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/70-51-9.html
BioChemPartner	BCP16524	http://www.biochempartner.com/70-51-9-BCP16524
BioSynth	Q-200933	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/chemical-intermediates/basic-intermediates/products/Q-200933.html
CSNpharm	CSN13144	https://www.csnpharm.com/products/deferoxamine.html
ChemMol	99138532	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/99138532.html
Chemspace	CSSS00016998047	https://chem-space.com/CSSS00016998047
Hairui	HR125715	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/70-51-9.html
Molcore	MC567909	https://www.molcore.com/product/70-51-9
OChem	11972	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=070D519
Smolecule	S575245	https://www.smolecule.com/products/s575245
THE BioTek	bt-295276	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-295276
eNovation Chemicals	D673934	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D673934
iChemical	EBD27225	http://www.ichemical.com/products/70-51-9.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
mcule	MCULE-3095507442	https://mcule.com/MCULE-3095507442/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Effect of microbial siderophores on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.	1999 Jan	10086886
Protection from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures by iron chelators is associated with enhanced DNA binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and ATF-1/CREB and increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, p21(waf1/cip1), and erythropoietin.	1999 Nov 15	10559391
Stable overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase in mitochondria identifies hydrogen peroxide as a major oxidant in the AP-1-mediated induction of matrix-degrading metalloprotease-1.	1999 Sep 3	10464329
Erythropoietin induction in Hep3B cells is not affected by inhibition of heme biosynthesis.	2000 Feb 28	10699462
Hypoxic stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in activated rat hepatic stellate cells.	2000 Jan	10613739
Nitric oxide inhibits dioxin action for the stimulation of Cyp1a1 promoter activity.	2000 May	10823667
Neurons and astrocytes express EPO mRNA: oxygen-sensing mechanisms that involve the redox-state of the brain.	2000 May	10756076
Comparison of IY81149 with omeprazole in rat reflux oesophagitis.	2000 Oct-Dec	11350494
The role of hydroxyl radical as a messenger in Cr(VI)-induced p53 activation.	2000 Sep	10942736
Hypercalcemia and human nature.	2001 Apr	11334321
Relationship of fiber surface iron and active oxygen species to expression of procollagen, PDGF-A, and TGF-beta(1) in tracheal explants exposed to amosite asbestos.	2001 Apr	11306436
A new molecular role for iron in regulation of cell cycling and differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells: iron is required for transcription of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate.	2001 Apr	11241357
Iron status and the outcome of HIV infection: an overview.	2001 Feb	11166657
Inhibition of N-myc expression and induction of apoptosis by iron chelation in human neuroblastoma cells.	2001 Feb 1	11221835
CAS agar diffusion assay for the measurement of siderophores in biological fluids.	2001 Feb 1	11166103
Coexistence of zinc and iron augmented oxidative injuries in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of SD rats.	2001 Feb 1	11165868
DNA-protein crosslinks induced by nickel compounds in isolated rat lymphocytes: role of reactive oxygen species and specific amino acids.	2001 Feb 1	11162780
Desferrioxamine-chelatable iron, a component of serum non-transferrin-bound iron, used for assessing chelation therapy.	2001 Feb 1	11157499
Redox-active iron mediates amyloid-beta toxicity.	2001 Feb 15	11182300
ICL670A: a new synthetic oral chelator: evaluation in hypertransfused rats with selective radioiron probes of hepatocellular and reticuloendothelial iron stores and in iron-loaded rat heart cells in culture.	2001 Feb 15	11159545
Accumulation of HIF-1alpha under the influence of nitric oxide.	2001 Feb 15	11159530
Oxidative insult in sheep red blood cells induced by T-butyl hydroperoxide: the roles of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase.	2001 Jan	11234995
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus production associated with high levels of intracellular viral DNA intermediates in iron-depleted HepG2.2.15 cells.	2001 Jan	11211885
Differential inhibitory mechanism of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on contraction of ileal longitudinal smooth muscle.	2001 Jan	11207072
Iron chelation: new therapies.	2001 Jan	11206965
Deferoxamine pharmacokinetics.	2001 Jan	11206963
Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2001 Jan	11121805
Impairment of endothelial nitric oxide production by acute glucose overload.	2001 Jan	11120671
Detection of dichromate (VI)-induced DNA strand breaks and formation of paramagnetic chromium in multiple mouse organs.	2001 Jan 1	11141356
Effects of hyperoxia and iron on iron regulatory protein-1 activity and the ferritin synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages.	2001 Jan 12	11341946
Lipid peroxidation in rat adrenal glands after administration cadmium and role of essential metals.	2001 Jan 12	11205535
Hypoxia death stimulus induces translocation of p53 protein to mitochondria. Detection by immunofluorescence on whole cells.	2001 Jan 19	11163756
Magnesium deprivation decreases cellular reduced glutathione and causes oxidative neuronal death in murine cortical cultures.	2001 Jan 26	11164781
Regulation of the 75-kDa subunit of mitochondrial complex I by iron.	2001 Jul 20	11313346
Hypoxia induces the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt cell survival pathway in PC12 cells: protective role in apoptosis.	2001 Jun 22	11294857
Vanadium-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells activation through hydrogen peroxide.	2001 Jun 22	11292823
Rapid recovery with oral zinc sulphate in deferoxamine-induced presumed optic neuropathy and hearing loss.	2001 Mar	11315979
Role of the epithelium in opposing H(2)O(2)-induced modulation of acetylcholine-induced contractions in rabbit intrapulmonary bronchiole.	2001 Mar	11250878
Inhibitory effect of reactive oxygen species on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (kininase II).	2001 Mar	11207678
Fas/Fas ligand-mediated death pathway is involved in oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2001 Mar	11171590
Enterobactin: the characteristic catecholate siderophore of Enterobacteriaceae is produced by Streptomyces species.(1).	2001 Mar 15	11267771
Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in ldl-receptor knockout mice.	2001 Mar 16	11249874
Cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase mediated bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and free radicals in rat breast tissue. Its potential role in alcohol-promoted mammary cancer.	2001 Mar 7	11246119
Evaluation of a new selective medium for methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus.	2001 May	11339258
The controversial role of deferiprone in the treatment of thalassemia.	2001 May	11329529
Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphic findings in sarcoidosis with osseous involvement.	2001 May	11317041
Cellular titration of apoptosis with steady state concentrations of H(2)O(2): submicromolar levels of H(2)O(2) induce apoptosis through Fenton chemistry independent of the cellular thiol state.	2001 May 1	11316581
Regulatory interactions between iron and nitric oxide metabolism for immune defense against Plasmodium falciparum infection.	2001 May 1	11294671
Hypoxia induces lytic replication of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.	2001 May 15	11342455
Induction of oxidative stress by humic acid through increasing intracellular iron: a possible mechanism leading to atherothrombotic vascular disorder in blackfoot disease.	2001 May 18	11350046

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Acute Iron Intoxication: Intramuscular Administration: This route is preferred and should be used for ALL PATIENTS NOT IN SHOCK: A dose of 1000 mg should be administered initially. This may be followed by 500 mg every 4 hours for two doses. Depending upon the clinical response, subsequent doses of 500 mg may be administered every 4-12 hours. The total amount administered should not exceed 6000 mg in 24 hours Intravenous Administration: THIS ROUTE SHOULD BE USED ONLY FOR PATIENTS IN A STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE AND THEN ONLY BY SLOW INFUSION. THE RATE OF INFUSION SHOULD NOT EXCEED 15 MG/KG/HR FOR THE FIRST 1000 MG ADMINISTERED. SUBSEQUENT IV DOSING, IF NEEDED, MUST BE AT A SLOWER RATE, NOT TO EXCEED 125 MG/HR: An initial dose of 1000 mg should be administered at a rate NOT TO EXCEED 15 mg/kg/hr. This may be followed by 500 mg over 4 hours for two doses. Depending upon the clinical response, subsequent doses of 500 mg may be administered over 4-12 hours. The total amount administered should not exceed 6000 mg in 24 hours. CHRONIC IRON OVERLOAD: SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION: A daily dose of 1000-2000 mg (20-40 mg/kg/day) should be administered over 8-24 hours, utilizing a small portable pump capable of providing continuous mini-infusion. The duration of infusion must be individualized. In some patients, as much iron will be excreted after a short infusion of 8-12 hours as with the same dose given over 24 hours. Intravenous Administration: The standard recommended method of Desferal administration is via slow subcutaneous infusion over 8 – 12 hours. In patients with intravenous access, the daily dose of Desferal can be administered intravenously. The standard dose is 20 – 40 mg/kg/day for children and 40–50 mg/kg/day over 8 – 12 hours in adults for 5 – 7 days per week. In children, average doses should not exceed 40 mg/kg/day until growth has ceased. In adults, average doses should not exceed 60 mg/kg/day. The intravenous infusion rate should not exceed 15 mg/kg/hour. Intramuscular Administration: A daily dose of 500-1000 mg may be administered intramuscularly. The total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 16:50:50 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 16:50:50 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	G9VYJ96FOJ
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

DEFEROXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Official Name

English

NSC-268993

Code

English

DEFEROXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

Deferoxamine hydrochloride [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

DEFEROXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]

Common Name

English

BA-29837

Code

English

N-[5-{3-[(5-Aminopentyl)hydroxycarbamoyl]propionamido}pentyl]-3-{[5-(N-hydroxyacetamido)pentyl]carbamoyl}propionohydroxamic acid monohydrochloride

Systematic Name

English

BUTANEDIAMIDE, N'-(5-((4-((5-(ACETYLHYDROXYAMINO)PENTYL)AMINO)-1,4-DIOXOBUTYL)HYDROXYAMINO)PENTYL)-N-(5-AMINOPENTYL)-N-HYDROXY- MONOHYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

DESFERRIOXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

DEFEROXAMINE HCL

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C62357