SILICON DIOXIDE

US Approved OTC

First approved in 1952

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2Si
Molecular Weight	60.0843
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=[Si]=O

InChI

InChIKey=VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2Si/c1-3-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	O2Si
Molecular Weight	60.0843
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/inactive/silicon-dioxide-170.html
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://web.archive.org/web/20130418061428/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/GRN000321.pdf

Silicon dioxide (silica) is most commonly found in nature as quartz, as well as in various living organisms. Silicon dioxide one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing both as several minerals and being produced synthetically. In food and pharmaceutical industry silica is a common additive, where it is used primarily as a flow in powdered foods, or to adsorb water in hygroscopic application. In pharmaceutical products, silica aids powder flow when tablets are formed.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Macrophage receptor MARCO 3 Target ID: Q9UEW3 Gene ID: 8685.0 Gene Symbol: MARCO Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18836211 \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11132 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351471	Binding Agent 1076

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Pain 619 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/inactive/silicon-dioxide-170.html https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?dr:D06522	Inactive ingredient	Approved 8583	Oxycodone Hydrochloride Approved Use Oxycodone is used in the treatment of chronic pain; pain and belongs to the drug class narcotic analgesics. Launch Date 1998
Gastrointestinal disorders 94 Sources: https://www.avogel.co.uk/silicolgel/ https://www.silicol.co.uk/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536219	Primary	Approved 8583	Silicol gel Approved Use Silicol gel is an oral gel containing colloidal silicic acid for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Taken 3 times a day it helps manage symptoms and provides relief for gastrointestinal discomfort.
Heartburn 24 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=92fbeec1-1562-40f3-9734-41f133d494f9&type=display	Primary	Approved 8583	GELUSIL Approved Use Uses Relieves: heartburn sour stomach acid indigestion bloating, pressure and discomfort commonly referred to as gas Launch Date 2008

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Common and distinct mechanisms of induced pulmonary fibrosis by particulate and soluble chemical fibrogenic agents.	2016-02	26345256
Effects of silica exposure on the cardiac and renal inflammatory and fibrotic response and the antagonistic role of interleukin-1 beta in C57BL/6 mice.	2016-02	25388157
Role of human pulmonary fibroblast-derived MCP-1 in cell activation and migration in experimental silicosis.	2015-10-15	26163174
Complex responses to Si quantum dots accumulation in carp liver tissue: Beyond oxidative stress.	2015-09-05	26079203
miR-98 and its host gene Huwe1 target Caspase-3 in Silica nanoparticles-treated male germ cells.	2015-08-11	26263183
Aberrant cytokinesis and cell fusion result in multinucleation in HepG2 cells exposed to silica nanoparticles.	2015-03-16	25625797
Toxicity, genotoxicity and proinflammatory effects of amorphous nanosilica in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line.	2015-03	25448807
Si/SiO2 quantum dots cause cytotoxicity in lung cells through redox homeostasis imbalance.	2014-09-05	24992398
Uptake of silica nanoparticles: neurotoxicity and Alzheimer-like pathology in human SK-N-SH and mouse neuro2a neuroblastoma cells.	2014-08-17	24831964
Silica nanoparticles induce cytokine responses in lung epithelial cells through activation of a p38/TACE/TGF-α/EGFR-pathway and NF-κΒ signalling.	2014-08-15	24844442
Involvement of P2Y11 receptor in silica nanoparticles 30-induced IL-6 production by human keratinocytes.	2014-08-01	24793913
Purinergic signaling via P2X7 receptor mediates IL-1β production in Kupffer cells exposed to silica nanoparticle.	2014-07-03	24685903
Role of size and surface area for pro-inflammatory responses to silica nanoparticles in epithelial lung cells: importance of exposure conditions.	2014-03	24211531
Inflammation and gene expression in the rat lung after instillation of silica nanoparticles: effect of size, dispersion medium and particle surface charge.	2014-01-03	24466574
PDGF-D expression is down-regulated by TGFβ in fibroblasts.	2014	25280005
Neutralization of interleukin-1 beta attenuates silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice.	2013-11	23640035
Suppression of thioredoxin system contributes to silica-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrogenesis in rats.	2013-10-09	23973437
Transcriptional responses of human aortic endothelial cells to nanoconstructs used in biomedical applications.	2013-08-05	23806026
The NLRP3 inflammasome affects DNA damage responses after oxidative and genotoxic stress in dendritic cells.	2013-08	23619996
Biological effects induced by BSA-stabilized silica nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines.	2013-06-25	23623845
Interactions of silica nanoparticles with lung epithelial cells and the association to flotillins.	2013-06	22669515
New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: study of TNF-α adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle.	2013-04	23402729
Molecular insights into the progression of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats.	2013-04	22431001
Comparative cytological responses of lung epithelial and pleural mesothelial cells following in vitro exposure to nanoscale SiO2.	2013-02	22985735
Toxicogenomic analysis of the particle dose- and size-response relationship of silica particles-induced toxicity in mice.	2013-01-11	23221170
Evaluation of immunohistochemical markers to detect the genotoxic mode of action of fine and ultrafine dusts in rat lungs.	2013-01-07	23178243
Cellular internalization and stress response of ingested amorphous silica nanoparticles in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster.	2013-01	23046978
Activation of Egr-1 in human lung epithelial cells exposed to silica through MAPKs signaling pathways.	2013	23874821
Long-lasting oxidative pulmonary insult in rat after intratracheal instillation of silica nanoparticles doped with cadmium.	2012-12-16	22898625
Four types of inorganic nanoparticles stimulate the inflammatory reaction in brain microglia and damage neurons in vitro.	2012-10-17	22939914
Mechanisms of toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human lung submucosal cells in vitro: protective effects of fisetin.	2012-10-15	22931364
Implication of oxidative stress in size-dependent toxicity of silica nanoparticles in kidney cells.	2012-09-28	22627296
Transcriptomics analysis of lungs and peripheral blood of crystalline silica-exposed rats.	2012-08	22861000
Occupational and environmental cancer incidence and mortality in China.	2012-06	22411970
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates silica-induced inflammation but not fibrosis.	2012-04	22273745
Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity.	2012-04	22245057
Methylation of PARP-1 promoter involved in the regulation of nano-SiO2-induced decrease of PARP-1 mRNA expression.	2012-03-25	22265868
Apoptosis induction by silica nanoparticles mediated through reactive oxygen species in human liver cell line HepG2.	2012-03-01	22245848
Immunostimulatory effects of gold nanorod and silica-coated gold nanorod on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.	2012-02-25	22155353
Altered microRNAs expression profiling in experimental silicosis rats.	2012	23208435
Innate immune activation by inhaled lipopolysaccharide, independent of oxidative stress, exacerbates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.	2012	22815821
Platelet-derived growth factor-producing CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes promote lung fibrosis.	2011-12-01	21868503
Mechanisms of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary toxicity revealed by global gene expression profiling.	2011-12	22087542
Cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage caused by silica nanoparticles.	2011-12	21723938
TACE/TGF-α/EGFR regulates CXCL8 in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter components.	2011-11	21540303
Blood gene expression profiling detects silica exposure and toxicity.	2011-08	21602193
Lung fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles is uncoupled from lung inflammation in NMRI mice.	2011-06-10	21414392
Surface iron inhibits quartz-induced cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in alveolar macrophages.	2011-01-14	21171611
Silicate antibodies in women with silicone breast implants: development of an assay for detection of humoral immunity.	1996-03	8991630
Increased expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in rat lungs after inhalation of inflammatory and fibrogenic minerals.	1994-03	8063194

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

To treat gastrointestinal disorders, take one tablespoon (15ml) of silicol®gel (containing silicic acid which is a compound of silicon and oxygen) three times daily, preferably before mealtimes. After acute symptoms ease, treatment is recommended for another few days. For chronic conditions, treat for up to four weeks and then take a break to re-assess symptoms.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:21:39 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:21:39 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	ETJ7Z6XBU4
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Related Record	Type

Name

Type

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SILICON DIOXIDE

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SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]

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Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 178.3297