SILICON DIOXIDE

US Approved OTC

First approved in 1952

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2Si
Molecular Weight	60.0843
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=[Si]=O

InChI

InChIKey=VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2Si/c1-3-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	O2Si
Molecular Weight	60.0843
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/inactive/silicon-dioxide-170.html
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://web.archive.org/web/20130418061428/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/GRN000321.pdf

Silicon dioxide (silica) is most commonly found in nature as quartz, as well as in various living organisms. Silicon dioxide one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing both as several minerals and being produced synthetically. In food and pharmaceutical industry silica is a common additive, where it is used primarily as a flow in powdered foods, or to adsorb water in hygroscopic application. In pharmaceutical products, silica aids powder flow when tablets are formed.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Macrophage receptor MARCO 3 Target ID: Q9UEW3 Gene ID: 8685.0 Gene Symbol: MARCO Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18836211 \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11132 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351471	Binding Agent 1037

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Pain 607 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/inactive/silicon-dioxide-170.html https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?dr:D06522	Inactive ingredient	Approved 8307	Oxycodone Hydrochloride Approved Use Oxycodone is used in the treatment of chronic pain; pain and belongs to the drug class narcotic analgesics. Launch Date 9.0935997E11
Gastrointestinal disorders 94 Sources: https://www.avogel.co.uk/silicolgel/ https://www.silicol.co.uk/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536219	Primary	Approved 8307	Silicol gel Approved Use Silicol gel is an oral gel containing colloidal silicic acid for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Taken 3 times a day it helps manage symptoms and provides relief for gastrointestinal discomfort.
Heartburn 19 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=92fbeec1-1562-40f3-9734-41f133d494f9&type=display	Primary	Approved 8307	GELUSIL Approved Use Uses Relieves: heartburn sour stomach acid indigestion bloating, pressure and discomfort commonly referred to as gas Launch Date 1.22221442E12

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis and normal surfactant secretion in hypertrophic rat type II cells.	1991 Jun	1647683
Silicate antibodies in women with silicone breast implants: development of an assay for detection of humoral immunity.	1996 Mar	8991630
Quartz exposure of the rat lung leads to a linear dose response in inflammation but not in oxidative DNA damage and mutagenicity.	2001 Apr	11306444
[Effect of niacin on nitric oxide synthase expression in rat lung exposed to silica].	2004 May	15182488
Occupational exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus.	2005 Nov	16373255
Ascorbic acid-pretreated quartz enhances cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.	2007 Jan	17222177
Pulmonary bioassay studies with nanoscale and fine-quartz particles in rats: toxicity is not dependent upon particle size but on surface characteristics.	2007 Jan	17030555
Emergency room visits for respiratory conditions in children increased after Guagua Pichincha volcanic eruptions in April 2000 in Quito, Ecuador observational study: time series analysis.	2007 Jul 24	17650330
Assessing toxicity of fine and nanoparticles: comparing in vitro measurements to in vivo pulmonary toxicity profiles.	2007 May	17301066
Genetic polymorphisms of IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-1RN, NFKB1, FAS, and FASL, and risk of silicosis in a Chinese occupational population.	2008 Nov	18666137
Macrophage responses to silica nanoparticles are highly conserved across particle sizes.	2009 Feb	19073995
Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses induced by silica nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro.	2009 Jan 10	19022359
Copper oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in airway epithelial cells.	2009 Oct	19699289
Role of IL-1 beta and COX2 in silica-induced IL-6 release and loss of pneumocytes in co-cultures.	2009 Oct	19580863
Epigenetic mediated transcriptional activation of PARP-1 participates in silica-associated malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.	2010 Apr 1	20123007
IL-6 receptor-mediated lung Th2 cytokine networking in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.	2010 Dec	20490462
Airway exposure to silica-coated TiO2 nanoparticles induces pulmonary neutrophilia in mice.	2010 Feb	19875681
IL-17A-producing gammadelta T and Th17 lymphocytes mediate lung inflammation but not fibrosis in experimental silicosis.	2010 Jun 1	20421647
Inhibition of a protein tyrosine phosphatase using mesoporous oxides.	2010 Mar 11	20163174
In vitro evaluation of SiC nanoparticles impact on A549 pulmonary cells: cyto-, genotoxicity and oxidative stress.	2010 Oct 20	20655996
Nanotoxicity of pure silica mediated through oxidant generation rather than glutathione depletion in human lung epithelial cells.	2010 Oct 9	20654680
Lung fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles is uncoupled from lung inflammation in NMRI mice.	2011 Jun 10	21414392
TACE/TGF-α/EGFR regulates CXCL8 in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter components.	2011 Nov	21540303
Altered microRNAs expression profiling in experimental silicosis rats.	2012	23208435
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates silica-induced inflammation but not fibrosis.	2012 Apr	22273745
Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity.	2012 Apr	22245057
Immunostimulatory effects of gold nanorod and silica-coated gold nanorod on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.	2012 Feb 25	22155353
Apoptosis induction by silica nanoparticles mediated through reactive oxygen species in human liver cell line HepG2.	2012 Mar 1	22245848
Mechanisms of toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human lung submucosal cells in vitro: protective effects of fisetin.	2012 Oct 15	22931364
New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: study of TNF-α adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle.	2013 Apr	23402729
Comparative cytological responses of lung epithelial and pleural mesothelial cells following in vitro exposure to nanoscale SiO2.	2013 Feb	22985735
Cellular internalization and stress response of ingested amorphous silica nanoparticles in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster.	2013 Jan	23046978
Biological effects induced by BSA-stabilized silica nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines.	2013 Jun 25	23623845
Neutralization of interleukin-1 beta attenuates silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice.	2013 Nov	23640035
Silica nanoparticles induce cytokine responses in lung epithelial cells through activation of a p38/TACE/TGF-α/EGFR-pathway and NF-κΒ signalling.	2014 Aug 15	24844442

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

To treat gastrointestinal disorders, take one tablespoon (15ml) of silicol®gel (containing silicic acid which is a compound of silicon and oxygen) three times daily, preferably before mealtimes. After acute symptoms ease, treatment is recommended for another few days. For chronic conditions, treat for up to four weeks and then take a break to re-assess symptoms.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 16 19:31:39 UTC 2022` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 16 19:31:39 UTC 2022`
Record UNII	ETJ7Z6XBU4
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Related Record	Type

Name

Type

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SILICON DIOXIDE

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Silicon dioxide [WHO-DD]

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SAND	Locators: INCI Naming Organization: INCI Sources:

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SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC]

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SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]

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SILICON DIOXIDE [VANDF]

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SILICA [INCI]

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SILICA GEL

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SILICON DIOXIDE [II]

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SIMETHICONE COMPONENT SILICON DIOXIDE

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Silica

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E-551

Code

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SILICON DIOXIDE [FCC]

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Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 178.3297