Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C3H7O3S3.Na.H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 228.286 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(S)CS
InChI
InChIKey=XMUHNMQFDVIWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C3H8O3S3.Na.H2O/c4-9(5,6)2-3(8)1-7;;/h3,7-8H,1-2H2,(H,4,5,6);;1H2/q;+1;/p-1
| Molecular Formula | C3H8O3S3 |
| Molecular Weight | 188.289 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Molecular Formula | Na |
| Molecular Weight | 22.98976928 |
| Charge | 1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | HO |
| Molecular Weight | 17.0073 |
| Charge | -1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Unithiol was developed in the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. It only became more widely used in America and Western Europe
since the mid-1970s, and particularly since the late 1970s when the Heyl Company in Germany began production. It remained the mainstay of chelation treatment of arsenic and mercury intoxication for more than half a century. Unithiol has been used in the management of acute and chronic poisoning with a number of different metals and metalloids, and is particularly useful for arsenic, bismuth and mercury. Unithiol can be given parenterally or orally depending on the clinical situation and severity of poisoning. Its action mechanism is close that of complexones. Active sulfhydryl groups enter into reactions with thiol poisons present in blood and tissues, form not toxic complex with them eliminated with urine. The poisons fixation results in the body enzyme systems changed under the poisons effect functions restoration. It is efficient as an antidote in case of intoxications by arsenic and heavy metals salts.
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20664538 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24178900
Curator's Comment: , Soviet Union
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: GO:0072593 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25194983 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | DIMAVAL Approved UseDimaval is used for cases of acute mercury poisoning (metallic, vapour, inorganic or organic
compounds), if application by mouth or treatment by means of a gastric aspiration tube are not
possible. |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
0.82 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941628/ |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
UNITHIOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941628/ |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
UNITHIOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
4.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941628/ |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
UNITHIOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10% |
UNITHIOL plasma | Homo sapiens |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
healthy, ADULT Health Status: healthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
30 mg/kg single, oral Studied dose Dose: 30 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 30 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of co-administration of dietary sodium arsenate and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) on the rat bladder epithelium. | 2012-09-28 |
|
| Effects of selenite and chelating agents on mammalian thioredoxin reductase inhibited by mercury: implications for treatment of mercury poisoning. | 2011-01 |
|
| [Expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 gene in lung of paraquat poisoning rats and protection of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate]. | 2010-04 |
|
| [Oxidative stress of acute paraquat poisoned rats and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate intervention]. | 2009-08 |
|
| [Expression of thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats and intervention of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate]. | 2009-08 |
|
| Mechanism of thiol-supported arsenate reduction mediated by phosphorolytic-arsenolytic enzymes: I. The role of arsenolysis. | 2009-08 |
|
| MRP2 involvement in renal proximal tubular elimination of methylmercury mediated by DMPS or DMSA. | 2009-02-15 |
|
| MRP2 and the DMPS- and DMSA-mediated elimination of mercury in TR(-) and control rats exposed to thiol S-conjugates of inorganic mercury. | 2008-09 |
|
| Multidrug resistance proteins and the renal elimination of inorganic mercury mediated by 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. | 2008-01 |
|
| Effects of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) on methylmercury-induced locomotor deficits and cerebellar toxicity in mice. | 2007-10-08 |
|
| Effects of BSO, GSH, Vit-C and DMPS on the nephrotoxicity of mercury. | 2007-08 |
|
| Efficacy of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) and diphenyl diselenide on cadmium induced testicular damage in mice. | 2005-12 |
|
| Arsenic induced blood and brain oxidative stress and its response to some thiol chelators in rats. | 2005-09-16 |
|
| 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid acute administration diferentially change biochemical parameters in mice. | 2005-04 |
|
| Lead-induced oxidative stress and hematological alterations and their response to combined administration of calcium disodium EDTA with a thiol chelator in rats. | 2004 |
|
| The renal Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, NaDC-3, translocates dimethyl- and disulfhydryl-compounds and contributes to renal heavy metal detoxification. | 2002-11 |
|
| Purine nucleoside phosphorylase as a cytosolic arsenate reductase. | 2002-11 |
|
| Interaction of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate with the human organic anion transporter hOAT1. | 2001-11 |
|
| Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by arsenite through reaction with a critical cysteine in the activation loop of Ikappa B kinase. | 2000-11-17 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: can also be used orally https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711426
For managing acute and chronic intoxications by arsenic and mercury compounds utnithiol is injected intramuscular or subcutaneous (5 – 10 ml of 5% solution). The treatment should be started as early as possible. In case of intoxications by arsenic compounds injections are every 6 – 8 hours the first day, 2 – 3 injections every 8 – 12 hours the second day, 1 – 2 injections the subsequent days. Children are made intramuscular injections in the doses 1 ml of 5% solution for each 10 kg of the body mass every 6 hours the first day; then 1 – 3 injections a day.
In case of intoxications by mercury salts the preparation is injected for not less than 6 days.
In case of intoxications by cardiac glicosides it is injected intramuscular or subcutaneous in the dose 5 or 10 ml of the unithiol 5% solution during the first 2 days. Injections are made 3 – 4 times a day. Then it is injected 1 – 2 times a day until the cardiotoxic action stops.
In case of hepatocerebral degeneration 5 – 10 ml of the unithiol solution is prescribed for daily or in a day intramuscular injections, the course being 25 – 30 injections with an interval between the courses – 3 – 4 months.
In case of diabetic polyneuropathy 5 ml of 5% solution is injected for 10 days.
In case of chronic alcoholism the preparation is introduced intramuscular in dose 3 – 5 ml of 5% solution 2 – 3 times a week. For arresting the alcoholic delirium attacks 4 – 5ml of 5% solution is injected intramuscular.
1 ml of the preparation contains 50 mg of unithiol.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25194983
When HepG2 cells were co-treated with As3+ (25 uM) and DMPS (Unithiol) (0.02, 0.2, 1.0, or 2.0 mM), cellular arsenic was decreased with the increasing of
DMPS concentration from 0.02 mM to 2.0 mM. DMPS at high concentration (>1.0 mM) dramatically decreased
the accumulation of arsenic in HepG2 cells. The cellular arsenic was
decreased from 5.72% to 0.13% when the cells were treated with
2.0 mM DMPS.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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DH52SRB8Z2
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE |
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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