DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/toxicology/strychnine_poisoning/overview_of_strychnine_poisoning.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/440838
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/toxicology/strychnine_poisoning/overview_of_strychnine_poisoning.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/440838
Strychnine is an indole alkaloid obtained from the seeds of the Indian tree Strychnos nux-vomica. It gets its scientific name “strychnos” from Carl Linnaeus, who classified it back in 1753, but it was known to the population of India way before then. Nux vomica originates in India. Strychnine-containing baits are currently labelled for below-ground use and are intended for the control of pocket gophers. Their use as indoor pesticides has been eliminated since 1989. In the past, strychnine has been used as a pesticide to control rats, moles, gophers, and coyotes. Strychnine is highly toxic to most domestic animals. Strychnine is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea.
Approval Year
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
250 mg single, oral |
unknown, 46 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 46 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Violent, Convulsions generalized... Other AEs: Violent (severe) Sources: Convulsions generalized (severe) |
15 g single, oral Dose: 15 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15 g Sources: |
unknown, 60 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 60 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... Other AEs: Nausea (severe) Sources: Vomiting (severe) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convulsions generalized | severe | 250 mg single, oral |
unknown, 46 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 46 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
| Violent | severe | 250 mg single, oral |
unknown, 46 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 46 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
| Nausea | severe | 15 g single, oral Dose: 15 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15 g Sources: |
unknown, 60 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 60 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
| Vomiting | severe | 15 g single, oral Dose: 15 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15 g Sources: |
unknown, 60 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 60 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes [IC50 5.9 uM] | ||||
| yes |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes |
Tox targets
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Early expression of glycine and GABA(A) receptors in developing spinal cord neurons. Effects on neurite outgrowth. | 2001 |
|
| Is the vertebrate respiratory central pattern generator conserved? Insights from in-vitro and in-vivo amphibian models. | 2001 |
|
| The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea. | 2001 |
|
| AMPA-evoked acetylcholine release from cultured spinal cord motoneurons and its inhibition by GABA and glycine. | 2001 |
|
| Interactions between allosteric modulators and 4-DAMP and other antagonists at muscarinic receptors: potential significance of the distance between the N and carboxyl C atoms in the molecules of antagonists. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Determination of berberine and strychnine in medicinal plants and herbal preparations by pressurized liquid extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Reversal of chloroquine and mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum by the two monoindole alkaloids, icajine and isoretuline. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Anticonvulsant activities of the FS-1 subfraction isolated from roots of Delphinium denudatum. | 2001 Aug |
|
| IPSC kinetics at identified GABAergic and mixed GABAergic and glycinergic synapses onto cerebellar Golgi cells. | 2001 Aug 15 |
|
| Biogenetically inspired approach to the Strychnos alkaloids. Concise syntheses of (+/-)-akuammicine and (+/-)-strychnine. | 2001 Aug 22 |
|
| Centrally administered corticotropin-releasing hormone and peripheral injections of strychnine hydrochloride potentiate the acoustic startle response in preweanling rats. | 2001 Dec |
|
| IgG isolated from LP-BM5 infected mouse brain activates ionotropic glutamate receptors. | 2001 Dec |
|
| Strychnine alters response properties of trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the rat. | 2001 Dec |
|
| NMDA receptor-dependent periodic oscillations in cultured spinal cord networks. | 2001 Dec |
|
| GABAergic and glycinergic neural inhibition in excitatory frequency tuning of bat inferior collicular neurons. | 2001 Dec |
|
| The generation of rhythmic activity in dissociated cultures of rat spinal cord. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Spatiotemporal characterization of rhythmic activity in rat spinal cord slice cultures. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Enflurane actions on spinal cords from mice that lack the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Developmental changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of rat fetuses in vitro. | 2001 Jul 6 |
|
| Dermal exposure to strychnine. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
| Intraspinal amino acid neurotransmitter activities are involved in the generation of rhythmic sympathetic nerve discharge in newborn rat spinal cord. | 2001 Jun 15 |
|
| Fluorescent labeling of drugs and simple organic compounds containing amine functional groups, utilizing dansyl chloride in Na(2)CO(3) buffer. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Enzymatic and non-enzymatic reduction of brucine N-oxide by aldehyde oxidase and catalase. | 2001 Nov |
|
| Properties and interconnections of trigeminal interneurons of the lateral pontine reticular formation in the rat. | 2001 Nov |
|
| Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by GABA(C) receptor-mediated feedback in the mouse inner retina. | 2001 Nov |
|
| Anticonvulsant activities of ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction isolated from Delphinium denudatum. | 2001 Nov |
|
| Glycine activates myenteric neurones in adult guinea-pigs. | 2001 Nov 1 |
|
| Role of protein kinase C in opioid modulation of glycine-gated Cl(-) current in rat periaqueductal gray neuron. | 2001 Nov 16 |
|
| Glycine receptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine and non-dopamine neurons of the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro. | 2001 Nov 23 |
|
| Are homeopathic studies better-fated in India? | 2001 Oct |
|
| Subunit composition of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors expressed by adult rat basolateral amygdala neurons. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Characterization of the spontaneous synaptic activity of amacrine cells in the mouse retina. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Excitatory synaptic currents in lumbosacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons elicited from the lateral funiculus. | 2001 Oct |
|
| The central nervous effects of Mitragyna africanus (Willd) stembark extract in rats. | 2001 Oct |
|
| [Arsenic and strychnine against tired eyes]. | 2001 Oct 10 |
|
| Homeostatic plasticity induced by chronic block of AMPA/kainate receptors modulates the generation of rhythmic bursting in rat spinal cord organotypic cultures. | 2001 Sep |
|
| [Effects of enflurane on respiratory neurons of the pre-Bötzinger complex in medullary slices of neonatal rats]. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Mechanisms that initiate spontaneous network activity in the developing chick spinal cord. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Electrophysiological evidence for vasopressin V(1) receptors on neonatal motoneurons, premotor and other ventral horn neurons. | 2001 Sep |
|
| The release of spinal prostaglandin E2 and the effect of nitric oxide synthetase inhibition during strychnine-induced allodynia. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Iontophoresis in vivo demonstrates a key role for GABA(A) and glycinergic inhibition in shaping frequency response areas in the inferior colliculus of guinea pig. | 2001 Sep 15 |
|
| Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion via activation of neurohypophysial nerve terminals glycine receptors by glial taurine. | 2001 Sep 15 |
|
| Sensitive and specific multiresidue methods for the determination of pesticides of various classes in clinical and forensic toxicology. | 2001 Sep 15 |
|
| A novel generation of coupling reagents. Enantiodifferentiating coupling reagents prepared in situ from 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) and chiral tertiary amines. | 2001 Sep 21 |
|
| Approaches to the synthesis of (+/-)-strychnine via the cobalt-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition: rapid assembly of a classic framework. | 2001 Sep 26 |
|
| Synchronization of an embryonic network of identified spinal interneurons solely by electrical coupling. | 2001 Sep 27 |
|
| Glycine receptors involved in synaptic transmission are selectively regulated by the cytoskeleton in mouse spinal neurons. | 2002 Jan |
|
| Synaptically evoked membrane potential oscillations induced by substance P in lamprey motor neurons. | 2002 Jan |
|
| A role for the human sperm glycine receptor/Cl(-) channel in the acrosome reaction initiated by recombinant ZP3. | 2002 Jan |
|
| Identification of two novel Drosophila melanogaster histamine-gated chloride channel subunits expressed in the eye. | 2002 Jan 18 |
Patents
| Substance Class |
Mixture
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 02:05:43 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
C42CE367BZ
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
|
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C42CE367BZ
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CHEMBL227934
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1323-31-5
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215-352-2
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