Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C18H25NO.C7H6O3 |
Molecular Weight | 409.5179 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O.COC2=CC3=C(C[C@H]4[C@H]5CCCC[C@@]35CCN4C)C=C2
InChI
InChIKey=RQQSHDDAQIDHTB-URVXVIKDSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H25NO.C7H6O3/c1-19-10-9-18-8-4-3-5-15(18)17(19)11-13-6-7-14(20-2)12-16(13)18;8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h6-7,12,15,17H,3-5,8-11H2,1-2H3;1-4,8H,(H,9,10)/t15-,17+,18+;/m1./s1
Molecular Formula | C7H6O3 |
Molecular Weight | 138.1207 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C18H25NO |
Molecular Weight | 271.3972 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27139517Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2694543
http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/5.1Dextromethorphan_pre-review.pdf
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21620_mucinex_lbl.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25420446
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27139517
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2694543
http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/5.1Dextromethorphan_pre-review.pdf
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21620_mucinex_lbl.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25420446
Dextromethorphan is a non-narcotic morphine derivative widely used as an antitussive for almost 40 years. It has attracted attention due to its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. It is a cough suppressant in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. In 2010, the FDA approved the combination product dextromethorphan/quinidine for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect. Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Dextromethorphan shows high-affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives and is used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. Dextromethorphan (DM) is a sigma-1 receptor agonist and an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. The mechanism by which dextromethorphan exerts therapeutic effects in patients with pseudobulbar affect is unknown. Dextromethorphan should not be taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors due to the potential for serotonin syndrome. Dextromethorphan is extensively metabolized by CYP2D6 to dextrorphan, which is rapidly glucuronidated and unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.
CNS Activity
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678061
Curator's Comment: # in a Swiss and US patent application from Hoffmann-La Roche in 1946 and 1947, respectively
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL287 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15723099 |
205.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL4787 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2897648 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | MUCINEX DM Approved UseHelps loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions to rid the bronchial passageways of bothersome mucus and make coughs more productive: temporarily relieves: cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation as may occur with the common cold or inhaled irritants; the intensity of coughing; the impulse to cough to help you get to sleep Launch Date2004 |
|||
Primary | NUEDEXTA Approved UseNUEDEXTA is indicated for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (PBA). PBA occurs secondary to a variety of otherwise unrelated neurologic conditions, and is characterized by involuntary, sudden, and frequent episodes of laughing and/or crying. PBA episodes typically occur out of proportion or incongruent to the underlying emotional state. PBA is a specific condition, distinct from other types of emotional lability that may occur in patients with neurological disease or injury. Launch Date2010 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
45 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 45 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
599 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
45 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 45 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7.7 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
60 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 60 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
709 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
60 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 60 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
15.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg single, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
95.5 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
124.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg single, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
123.5 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
68 nM*h Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01361217 |
30 mg single, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: adults sex: food status: |
|
17.8 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
32 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
45 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 45 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2898 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
45 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 45 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
52 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
60 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 60 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
3608 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
60 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 60 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
133.3 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg single, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1049 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
933.8 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg single, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1000.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTRORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
13.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342614/ |
30 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 30 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: QUINIDINE |
DEXTROMETHORPHAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
50 mg 4 times / day steady, oral Dose: 50 mg, 4 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 50 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 19-52 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 19-52 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
960 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 960 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 960 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 19-67 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 19-67 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
120 mg single, oral Recommended |
healthy, 26.5 years Health Status: healthy Age Group: 26.5 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
900 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 27 years |
Other AEs: Ischemic colitis... |
270 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 3 years |
Other AEs: Lethargy, Ataxia... Other AEs: Lethargy (1 patient) Sources: Ataxia (1 patient) Nystagmus (1 patient) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Ischemic colitis | 1 patient | 900 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 27 years |
Ataxia | 1 patient | 270 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 3 years |
Lethargy | 1 patient | 270 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 3 years |
Nystagmus | 1 patient | 270 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 3 years |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no | |||
Page: 14.0 |
no |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11602530/ Page: 2.0 |
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/021879Orig1s000OtherR.pdf#page=63 Page: 63.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid receptors may mediate theophylline-induced seizures in mice. | 1999 Mar |
|
Binding of dimemorfan to sigma-1 receptor and its anticonvulsant and locomotor effects in mice, compared with dextromethorphan and dextrorphan. | 1999 Mar 13 |
|
Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence. | 2000 |
|
Expression, purification, biochemical characterization, and comparative function of human cytochrome P450 2D6.1, 2D6.2, 2D6.10, and 2D6.17 allelic isoforms. | 2002 Dec |
|
Evaluation of cytochrome P450 probe substrates commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry to study in vitro drug interactions. | 2002 Dec |
|
Analgesic effect of dextromethorphan in neuropathic pain. | 2004 Mar |
|
Dimemorfan prevents seizures induced by the L-type calcium channel activator BAY k-8644 in mice. | 2004 May 5 |
|
High-throughput screening of inhibitory potential of nine cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | 2005 |
|
The dextromethorphan analog dimemorfan attenuates kainate-induced seizures via sigma1 receptor activation: comparison with the effects of dextromethorphan. | 2005 Apr |
|
Dextromethorphan psychosis, dependence and physical withdrawal. | 2005 Dec |
|
Inhibitory effects of nicardipine to cytochrome P450 (CYP) in human liver microsomes. | 2005 May |
|
Randomized, controlled trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosis. | 2006 May |
|
Effects of dextromethorphan on dopamine dependent behaviours in rats. | 2007 Aug |
|
Development and full validation of six inhibition assays for five major cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes using an automated 96-well microplate incubation format and LC-MS/MS analysis. | 2007 May 9 |
|
Effect of sodium ozagrel on the activity of rat CYP2D6. | 2007 Nov 14 |
|
Dextromethorphan: a review of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist in the management of pain. | 2007 Spring |
|
Ubiquitous computing for remote cardiac patient monitoring: a survey. | 2008 |
|
Sex differences in NMDA antagonist enhancement of morphine antihyperalgesia in a capsaicin model of persistent pain: comparisons to two models of acute pain. | 2008 Apr |
|
Effects of common antitussive drugs on the hERG potassium channel current. | 2008 Dec |
|
Sigma ligands, but not N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias. | 2008 Jan 8 |
|
Anti-inflammatory effects of dimemorfan on inflammatory cells and LPS-induced endotoxin shock in mice. | 2008 Jul |
|
Functional expression and comparative characterization of nine murine cytochromes P450 by fluorescent inhibition screening. | 2008 Jul |
|
Life-threatening dextromethorphan intoxication associated with interaction with amitriptyline in a poor CYP2D6 metabolizer: a single case re-exposure study. | 2008 Jul |
|
Effects of repeated cycles of sterilisation on the mechanical characteristics of titanium miniplates for osteosynthesis. | 2008 Sep |
|
Effect of fenofibrate on microcirculation and wound healing in healthy and diabetic mice. | 2009 |
|
Dextromethorphan reduces oxidative stress and inhibits atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice. | 2009 Apr 1 |
|
The diagnostic role of glycosaminoglycans in pleural effusions: a pilot study. | 2009 Feb 18 |
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | 2009 Feb 3 |
|
Characterization of retrieved orthodontic miniscrew implants. | 2009 Jan |
|
Riluzole treatment, survival and diagnostic criteria in Parkinson plus disorders: the NNIPPS study. | 2009 Jan |
|
Retrospective analysis of titanium plate-retained prostheses placed after total rhinectomy. | 2009 Jan-Feb |
|
[Bone anchored hearing aids (BAHA)]. | 2009 Mar |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1503667
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000221
15-30 mg 3 to 4 times per day (cough)
20-30 mg twice daily (pseudobulbar affect)
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912029
In vitro studies pre- and immature oligodendroglial (OLN-93) cells were subjected to hyperoxic conditions for 48 h after pre-treatment with increasing doses of dextromethorphan.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 19:09:00 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 19:09:00 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
B2F298X1AJ
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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B2F298X1AJ
Created by
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71587053
Created by
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23239-33-0
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