Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | HO |
| Molecular Weight | 17.0073 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | -1 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[OH-]
InChI
InChIKey=XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p-1
| Molecular Formula | H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 18.0153 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018
Sodium is the primary cation (positive ion) in extracellular fluids in animals and humans. Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. The human requirement for sodium in the diet is less than 500 mg per day, which is typically less than a tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste. " Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095186 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Approved UseUsed as a softener for nail grooves. Also used as a slide medium in Potassium Hydroxide preparations. Apply to nail in office. Launch Date2010 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Kayexalate Approved UseINDICATION AND USAGE
Kayexalate is indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Launch Date1958 |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Hemolysis in dialyzed patients: tap water-induced red blood cell metabolic deficiency. | 1972 |
|
| Delayed cystitis due to cyclophosphamide. | 1979 Jan 4 |
|
| A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k. | 1993 Mar 30 |
|
| Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation. | 1994 Sep 30 |
|
| Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea. | 1997 Aug 15 |
|
| Immunolocalization and effect of dehydration on AQP3, a basolateral water channel of kidney collecting ducts. | 1997 Feb |
|
| One-electron reduction of chromium(VI) by alpha-lipoic acid and related hydroxyl radical generation, dG hydroxylation and nuclear transcription factor-kappaB activation. | 1997 Feb 15 |
|
| Induction of aquaporin 3 by corticosteroid in a human airway epithelial cell line. | 1997 Nov |
|
| Reactive oxygen species regulate macrophage scavenger receptor type I, but not type II, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. | 1998 Jun |
|
| Cloning and functional expression of rAOP9L a new member of aquaporin family from rat liver. | 1999 Feb |
|
| Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes. | 1999 Sep-Oct |
|
| Role of aquaporin water channels in pleural fluid dynamics. | 2000 Dec |
|
| Neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediate cholera toxin secretion in rat jejunum. | 2000 Oct |
|
| Cloning and functional expression of an MIP (AQP0) homolog from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) lens. | 2001 Dec |
|
| Erythrocyte water permeability and renal function in double knockout mice lacking aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth. | 2002 Feb 15 |
|
| NKCC activity restores muscle water during hyperosmotic challenge independent of insulin, ERK, and p38 MAPK. | 2003 Mar |
|
| Synergistic effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and aquaporin-9 in the rat epididymis. | 2003 May |
|
| Serum electrolyte, serum protein, serum fat and renal responses to a dietary sodium challenge: allostasis and allostatic load. | 2004 Jul-Aug |
|
| Biochemistry. Water photolysis in biology. | 2004 Mar 19 |
|
| Molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney. | 2004 Oct |
|
| Reversible silencing of CFTR chloride channels by glutathionylation. | 2005 Feb |
|
| Inherited sodium avid states. | 2006 Apr |
|
| Cross-sectional relations of serum aldosterone and urine sodium excretion to urinary albumin excretion in a community-based sample. | 2006 Jun |
|
| Mechanisms of disease: the role of GRK4 in the etiology of essential hypertension and salt sensitivity. | 2006 Nov |
|
| A stable and sensitive testing system for potential carcinogens based on DNA damage-induced gene expression in human HepG2 cell. | 2009 Feb |
|
| Ferritin enhances salsolinol-mediated DNA strand breakage: protection by carnosine and related compounds. | 2009 Jul 10 |
|
| Hippocampal betaine/GABA transporter mRNA expression is not regulated by inflammation or dehydration post-status epilepticus. | 2011 Apr |
|
| Redox cycling and increased oxygen utilization contribute to diquat-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. | 2011 Apr 1 |
|
| Testosterone modulates pituitary vasotocin receptor expression and adrenal activity in osmotically stressed chicken. | 2011 Jan |
|
| Identification and characterization of functional aquaporin water channel protein from alimentary tract of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. | 2011 Mar |
|
| Inhibition of aquaporin-3 water channel in the colon induces diarrhea. | 2012 |
|
| Effects of flavored mineral waters on AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes and in human hepatic and intestinal cancer cells. | 2012 Jun |
|
| Investigation of the binding pocket of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (hH-PGDS): a tale of two waters. | 2012 Jun 1 |
|
| Water restriction increases renal inner medullary manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). | 2012 Sep |
|
| Copper(II)-human amylin complex protects pancreatic cells from amylin toxicity. | 2013 Aug 14 |
Patents
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 17:46:49 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 17:46:49 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
9159UV381P
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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16234
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DTXSID8074281
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C031356
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SUB32890
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1314279
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961
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HYDROXIDE
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DB14522
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14280-30-9
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