DIPYRIDAMOLE DITOSYLATE

First approved in 1961

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C24H40N8O4.2C7H8O3S
Molecular Weight	849.029
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(O)(=O)=O.CC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(O)(=O)=O.OCCN(CCO)C3=NC4=C(N=C(N=C4C(=N3)N5CCCCC5)N(CCO)CCO)N6CCCCC6

InChI

InChIKey=YFHSNCOUDBQMCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C24H40N8O4.2C7H8O3S/c33-15-11-31(12-16-34)23-26-20-19(21(27-23)29-7-3-1-4-8-29)25-24(32(13-17-35)14-18-36)28-22(20)30-9-5-2-6-10-30;2*1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h33-36H,1-18H2;2*2-5H,1H3,(H,8,9,10)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C24H40N8O4
Molecular Weight	504.6256
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C7H8O3S
Molecular Weight	172.202
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00975
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/012836s057lbl.pdf

Dipyridamole, a non-nitrate coronary vasodilator that also inhibits platelet aggregation, is combined with other anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin, to prevent thrombosis in patients with valvular or vascular disorders. Dipyridamole is also used in myocardial perfusion imaging, as an antiplatelet agent, and in combination with aspirin for stroke prophylaxis. Dipyridamole likely inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function. This elevation in cAMP blocks the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and reduces thromboxane A2 activity. Dipyridamole also directly stimulates the release of prostacyclin, which induces adenylate cyclase activity, thereby raising the intraplatelet concentration of cAMP and further inhibiting platelet aggregation. Used for as an adjunct to coumarin anticoagulants in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement and also used in prevention of angina.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 8 Target ID: CHEMBL1997 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636949	Inhibitor 8504	144.8 nM [IC50]
Phosphodiesterase 10A 13 Target ID: CHEMBL4409 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00975	Inhibitor 8504	1.2 µM [IC50]
Phosphodiesterase 5A 31 Target ID: CHEMBL1827 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254606	Inhibitor 8504	0.52 µM [IC50]
Phosphodiesterase 4 54 Target ID: CHEMBL2093863 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9873613	Inhibitor 8504	0.5 µM [IC50]
Adenosine deaminase 14 Target ID: CHEMBL1910 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00975	Inhibitor 8504	45.0 nM [Ki]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement 2 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/012836s057lbl.pdf	Preventing		Approved 8583	Persantine Approved Use Persantine (dipyridamole USP) tablets are indicated as an adjunct to coumarin anticoagulants in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement. Launch Date 1961

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
475 ng/mL EXPERIMENT http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_58_c020ec0b8fe53db0e9efad50d3ee292f.pdf	25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1881 ng/mL EXPERIMENT http://mri.cts-mrp.eu/download/DK_H_2173_001_PAR.pdf	200 mg 2 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
2781 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2825745	200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
2492 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_58_c020ec0b8fe53db0e9efad50d3ee292f.pdf	25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
15030 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT http://mri.cts-mrp.eu/download/DK_H_2173_001_PAR.pdf	200 mg 2 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
15779 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2825745	200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10.3 h EXPERIMENT http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_58_c020ec0b8fe53db0e9efad50d3ee292f.pdf	25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
10.74 h EXPERIMENT http://mri.cts-mrp.eu/download/DK_H_2173_001_PAR.pdf	200 mg 2 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
1% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20884s1lbl.pdf			DIPYRIDAMOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
1750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1750 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7960280	healthy, 23 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 23 Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7960280	Disc. AE: Loss of consciousness, Respiratory distress... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Loss of consciousness Respiratory distress Apnea Coma Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7960280
8 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 8 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 8 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23960064	healthy, 58 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 58 Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23960064	Disc. AE: Tachycardia, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Tachycardia Hypotension Multi-organ failure Delirium Anuria Renal failure Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23960064
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11549300	unhealthy, 61 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 61 Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11549300	Disc. AE: Headache, Diarrhoea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache (9.1%) Diarrhoea (3.5%) Nausea (1.5%) Vomiting (2%) Dyspepsia (1.5%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11549300
5 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 5 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 5 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1567532	unhealthy, 62 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 62 Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1567532	Disc. AE: Myocardial infarction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Myocardial infarction Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1567532

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 2252	inhibitor 2438	inhibitor 2507	inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
MRP4 290 MRP5 31 P-gp 1741 OATP1B1 1079 OATP1B3 961 OATP2B1 157 BSEP 550 MRP2 499 MRP3 246 BCRP 910 MATE1 415 MATE2 267 OCT2 779 OCT1 620 CYP1A2 2153 CYP2A6 879 CYP2C19 2057 CYP2E1 1060 ALDH1 41	P-gp 2052 UGT 219

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
ALDH1 41	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNTc3IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	inconclusive [Activation 27.71665 uM]
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzMzU2IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	no [IC50 >10 uM]
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkw1MjgyIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	no [IC50 >10 uM]
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkw1MjgxIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	no [IC50 >10 uM]
MRP2 625	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP3 326	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNjIyIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [Activation 1.2589 uM]
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwyODkiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMOTMyIn19	yes [Activation 10 uM]
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNDAiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMOTMyIn19	yes [Activation 10 uM]
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzMzk3IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [Activation 5.0119 uM]
OCT2 782	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwxNzQzMTIyIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [IC50 2.6 uM]
MATE1 416	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwxNzQzMTI2IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [IC50 26 uM]
MRP5 80	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975, https://go.drugbank.com/articles/A16089, https://transportal.compbio.ucsf.edu/compounds/dipyridamole/	yes [IC50 30 uM]
BSEP 554	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975	yes [IC50 4 uM]
BCRP 985	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16247709/	yes [IC50 4.8 uM]
P-gp 1932	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975, https://go.drugbank.com/articles/A15813, https://transportal.compbio.ucsf.edu/compounds/dipyridamole/	yes [IC50 40 uM]
MATE2 267	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwxNzQzMTI3IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [IC50 74 uM]
MRP4 345	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11856762/, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975	yes [IC50 8.3 uM]
OCT1 656	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkw1Njg1IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDkzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	yes [IC50 81 uM]
OATP1B1 1095	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22541068/, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975	yes
OATP1B3 970	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22541068/, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975	yes
OATP2B1 162	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22541068/, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
P-gp 2052	substrate 4014 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00975, https://go.drugbank.com/articles/A15849	yes
UGT 219	substrate 4014 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020884s039lbledt.pdf Page: 7.0	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17146843/\| https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwyNDAiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMOTMyIn19

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:4653	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:4653
ChemicalBook	CB6731869	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB6731869
eMolecules	27519521	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=27519521
eMolecules	494752	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=494752
MolPort	MolPort-001-792-504	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-001-792-504
Selleck Chemicals	Dipyridamole(Permole,-Persantine)	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dipyridamole(Permole,-Persantine).html
ZINC	ZINC000000643046	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000643046

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Effect of power Doppler and digital subtraction techniques on the comparison of myocardial contrast echocardiography with SPECT.	2001-05	11303008
Saphenous vein endothelial cell viability: a comparative study of endoscopic and open saphenectomy for coronary artery bypass grafting.	2001-04-17	11303993
Antiplatelet agents in tissue factor-induced blood coagulation.	2001-04-15	11290593
Adenosine permeation of a dynamic in vitro blood-brain barrier inhibited by dipyridamole.	2001-04-13	11292455
Preliminary clinical results of photon energy recovery in simultaneous rest Tl-201/stress Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial SPECT.	2001-04-11	11295691
Prognostic value of dipyridamole SPECT imaging in low-risk patients after myocardial infarction.	2001-04-11	11295690
Dipyridamole myocardial SPECT with low heart rate response indicates cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with diabetes.	2001-04-11	11295689
Prognostic value of pharmacologic stress echocardiography in patients with left bundle branch block.	2001-04-01	11286950
Antithrombotic drugs for secondary stroke prophylaxis.	2001-04	11310519
Repeated thromboembolic and bleeding events after mechanical aortic valve replacement.	2001-04	11308155
Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans.	2001-04	11282088
Safety, feasibility, and prognostic implications of pharmacologic stress echocardiography in 1482 patients evaluated in an ambulatory setting.	2001-04	11275930
Incremental prognostic value of stress echocardiography as an adjunct to exercise electrocardiography after uncomplicated myocardial infarction.	2001-04	11250968
Effect of dipyridamole on ischemia and reperfusion injury of canine liver.	2001-03-27	11267134
Activation of glutamate uptake by guanosine in primary astrocyte cultures.	2001-03-26	11277601
Usefulness of oral dipyridamole therapy for angiographic slow coronary artery flow.	2001-03-15	11249903
Echocardiographic assessment of viable myocardium.	2001-03-10	11235849
Stress echocardiography: technical considerations.	2001-03-10	11235846
Safety, feasibility, and diagnostic accuracy of accelerated high-dose dipyridamole stress echocardiography.	2001-03-01	11230832
Action of dipyridamole and warfarin on growth of human endothelial cells cultured in serum-free media.	2001-03	11311224
[Reporting echocardiography exams with the G8-Cardio ANMCO software].	2001-03	11307784
Progressive intracranial vascular disease with strokes and seizures in a boy with progeria.	2001-03	11305689
Dipyridamole-atropine stress echocardiography versus exercise SPECT scintigraphy for detection of coronary artery disease in hypertensives with positive exercise test.	2001-03	11288820
Use of dobutamine stress echocardiography in determination of myocardial viability.	2001-03	11280019
An abnormal dipyridamole thallium/sestamibi fails to predict long-term cardiac events in vascular surgery patients.	2001-03	11265096
Abnormal renal vascular responses to dipyridamole-induced vasodilation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2001-03	11244014
Global myocardial blood flow and global flow reserve measurements by MRI and PET are comparable.	2001-03	11241807
Myocardial flow reserve parametric map, assessed by first-pass MRI compartmental analysis at the chronic stage of infarction.	2001-03	11241806
Coronary flow reserve in angiographically normal coronary arteries with one-vessel coronary artery disease without traditional risk factors.	2001-03	11237543
Antiarrhythmic effects of adenosine on ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation.	2001-03	11230719
Aggrenox and stress testing.	2001-02-27	11222491
Peripheral flow response to transient arterial forearm occlusion does not reflect myocardial perfusion reserve.	2001-02-27	11222474
Hypoxanthine transport in human tumour cell lines: relationship to the inhibition of hypoxanthine rescue by dipyridamole.	2001-02-15	11226382
Extracellular adenosine-induced apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma cells: studies on involvement of adenosine receptors and adenosine uptake.	2001-02-15	11226375
Assessment of the effect of revascularization early after CABG using ECG-gated perfusion single-photon emission tomography.	2001-02	11303895
Preoperative dipyridamole-thallium scanning, selective coronary revascularization and long-term survival in patients with critical lower limb ischemia.	2001-02	11292913
The use of L-arginine [correction of F-arginine] and phosphodiesterase inhibitor (dipyridamole) to wean from inhaled nitric oxide.	2001-02	11284188
Newer antiplatelet therapies in stroke prevention.	2001-02	11280112
Antiplatelet therapy in the elderly. Aspirin, ticlopidine-clopidogrel, and GPIIb/GPIIIa antagonists.	2001-02	11270132
Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease.	2001-02	11270129
Risks and benefits of adding anti-platelet therapy to warfarin among patients with prosthetic heart valves: a meta-analysis.	2001-02	11216981
Enhanced detection of reversible perfusion defects by Tc-99m sestamibi compared to Tc-99m tetrofosmin during vasodilator stress SPECT imaging in mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease.	2001-02	11216963
Quantification of myocardial perfusion in human subjects using 82Rb and wavelet-based noise reduction.	2001-02	11216517
Use of wavelet transforms in analysis of time-activity data from cardiac PET.	2001-02	11216516
Automated assessment of dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial SPECT perfusion scintigraphy by case-based reasoning.	2001-02	11216515
Predictive value of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients with or without silent myocardial ischemia.	2001-02	11213889
Paravertebral venous plexus distention (Batson's): an inciting etiologic agent in lumbar radiculopathy as observed by venous angiography.	2001-02	11212013
Serial evaluation of coronary flow reserve by transesophageal doppler echocardiography after angioplasty of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery: a 6-month follow-up study.	2001-02	11211165
Inhibitors of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activate an apical anion conductance with similar features in the epithelial cells of rabbit gallbladder: analysis in intact epithelium.	2001-01	11212208
Myocardial contrast echocardiography: a new gold standard for perfusion imaging?	2001-01	11182787

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Adjunctive Use in Prophylaxis of Thromboembolism after Cardiac Valve Replacement. The recommended dose is 75-100 mg four times daily as an adjunct to the usual warfarin therapy.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Mengovirus plaque formation in HeLa or L cells was inhibited nearly 100% by the presence of 80 uM dipyridamole.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Tue Apr 01 19:25:32 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Tue Apr 01 19:25:32 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	832L5C4A2V
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

2,2',2'',2'''-((4,8-DIPIPERIDINOPYRIMIDO(5,4-D)PYRIMIDINE-2,6-DIYL)DINITRILO)TETRAETHANOL BIS(TOLUENE-P-SULFONATE)

Preferred Name

English

DIPYRIDAMOLE DITOSYLATE

Common Name

English

Ethanol, 2,2?,2??,2???-[(4,8-di-1-piperidinylpyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]tetrakis-, bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate) (salt)

Systematic Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

EPA CompTox

DTXSID80198116