Crotetamide, is the main component of the drug Prethcamide, which is a respiratory stimulant to produce arousal from drug-induced depression. Prethcamide produces a marked increase in ventilation, primarily as a result of increased tidal volume, with minimal increases in respiratory rate. Prethcamide is marketed for parenteral and oral administration to humans in several European and South American countries but is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in either human or veterinary medicine in the United States. Prethcamide is banned by several sports governing bodies, including the International Olympic Committee and the International Amateur Athletic Federation, because of its potential to stimulate performance of athletes.