AMMONIUM SACCHARIN

US Previously Marketed

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C7H4NO3S.H4N
Molecular Weight	200.215
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[NH4+].O=C1[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=XTPLQANXHDDXIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C7H5NO3S.H3N/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7;/h1-4H,(H,8,9);1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	H3N
Molecular Weight	17.0305
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C7H5NO3S
Molecular Weight	183.185
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.diabetes.co.uk/sweeteners/saccharin.html http://www.ukfoodguide.net/e954.htm

Saccharin is the most established of the artificial sweeteners on the market, this mixture of dextrose and saccharin has been in use for over a century and is found in diet versions of soft drinks. It is 300-500 times sweeter than sugar and contains zero calories. In 1977, the FDA tried to ban its use after evidence showed it caused cancer in rats. Extensive lobbying by the diet food industry allowed products to stay on the shelves as long as they carried warnings about the cancer risks in animals. This warning was removed in 2001 when the Calorie Control Council insisted the link between animal and human cancers could not automatically be made. Consumption of saccharin-sweetened products can benefit diabetics as the substance goes directly through the human digestive system without being digested. While saccharin has no food energy, it can trigger the release of insulin in humans due to its sweet taste. The T1R2/R3 sweet taste receptor exist on the surface of pancreatic beta cells. Saccharin is a unique in that it inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at submaximal and maximal glucose concentrations, with the other sweeteners having no effect. Investigation of saccharin’s dose-response characteristics showed that concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM stimulated insulin secretion, while concentrations of 1 and 2.5 mM inhibited insulin secretion. Saccharin’s effect on insulin secretion was shown to be reversible in INS-1 832/13 clonal pancreatic beta cells after chronic exposure to 1 mM saccharin. Artificial sweeteners may affect insulin secretion via interaction with the sweet taste receptor, also saccharin may affect other cellular processes linked to insulin secretion, and that these effects are both time- and concentration-dependent

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Taste receptor type 1 member 2 7 Target ID: Q8TE23 Gene ID: 80834.0 Gene Symbol: TAS1R2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: http://www.fasebj.org/content/25/1_Supplement/530.1	Binding Agent 1064
Taste receptor type 1 member 3 14 Target ID: Q7RTX0 Gene ID: 83756.0 Gene Symbol: TAS1R3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: http://www.fasebj.org/content/25/1_Supplement/530.1	Binding Agent 1064

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Unknown 2578

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
14 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	2 g single, oral dose: 2 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED
27 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	2 g single, oral dose: 2 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
5800 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: PROBENECID	PROBENECID	SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
3700 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
6500 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	2 g single, oral dose: 2 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED
6800 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7303723/	2 g single, oral dose: 2 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SACCHARIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP2B 15	CYP2B 10	CYP2B 32

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP2B 40	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266375/	no		no (co-administration study) Comment: coadministration with bupropion: had no effect on the CYP2B activity Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266375/
CYP2B 40	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266375/	no		no (co-administration study) Comment: coadministration with bupropion: saccharin had no inhibitory effect on CYP2B activity in vivo Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266375/

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP2B 10	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266375/	no

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:32111	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:32111
ChemicalBook	CB1743735	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1743735
ChemicalBook	CB32485657	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB32485657
MolPort	MolPort-000-881-701	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-000-881-701
ZINC	ZINC000002560357	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000002560357
eMolecules	478184	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=478184

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Cytological and lectin histochemical characterization of secretion production and secretion composition in the tubular glands of the canine anal sacs.	2001	11173805
A role for kinesin in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	2001 Apr 6	11145966
A new type of endo-xyloglucan transferase devoted to xyloglucan hydrolysis in the cell wall of azuki bean epicotyls.	2001 Feb	11230569
[Micelle-mediated extraction for concentrating conjugated bilirubin in urine].	2001 Feb	11218735
Serial changes in 14C-deoxyglucose and 201Tl uptake in autoimmune myocarditis in rats.	2001 Feb	11216528
Na+-to-sugar stoichiometry of SGLT3.	2001 Feb	11208603
Involvement of PI 3-kinase in IGF-I stimulation of jejunal Na+-K+-ATPase activity and nutrient absorption.	2001 Feb	11208544
Diurnal rhythmicity in intestinal SGLT-1 function, V(max), and mRNA expression topography.	2001 Feb	11208542
Automated noninvasive measurement of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in murine voiding frequency and volume.	2001 Feb	11176453
Characterization of EDTA-soluble polysaccharides from the scape of Musa paradisiaca (banana).	2001 Feb	11171036
Expression and purification of cytokine receptor homology domain of human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor receptor fusion protein in Escherichia coli.	2001 Feb	11162391
Dietary effects of ortho-phenylphenol and sodium ortho-phenylphenate on rat urothelium.	2001 Feb	11158728
Negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry of neutral underivatized oligosaccharides.	2001 Feb 1	11217777
Skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity: pathophysiological alterations.	2001 Feb 1	11171554
Cysteine residues in the D-galactose-H+ symport protein of Escherichia coli: effects of mutagenesis on transport, reaction with N-ethylmaleimide and antibiotic binding.	2001 Feb 1	11171069
Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum exit sites, and microtubules in skeletal muscle fibers are organized by patterned activity.	2001 Feb 1	11157074
Quantitative determination of saccharide surfactants in protein samples by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	2001 Feb 15	11161305
Anti-tumor immunity provided by a synthetic multiple antigenic glycopeptide displaying a tri-Tn glycotope.	2001 Feb 15	11160353
Further glucosides of lichens' acids from Central Asian lichens.	2001 Jan	11219812
An overview of pathophysiology and treatment of insulin resistance.	2001 Jan	11211569
Distinct long-term regulation of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acid release by insulin and TNF-alpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	2001 Jan	11206412
Suppression of ethanol responding by centrally administered CTOP and naltrindole in AA and Wistar rats.	2001 Jan	11198711
High-resolution genetic mapping of the saccharin preference locus (Sac) and the putative sweet taste receptor (T1R1) gene (Gpr70) to mouse distal Chromosome 4.	2001 Jan	11178737
Placental glucose transport in gestational diabetes mellitus.	2001 Jan	11174489
Saccharin activates cation conductance via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in a subset of isolated rod taste cells in the frog.	2001 Jan	11168535
Nasal mucociliary clearance in healthy children in a tropical country.	2001 Jan	11165638
Functional characterization of the alpha-glucoside transporter Sut1p from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the first fungal homologue of plant sucrose transporters.	2001 Jan	11136464
Developmental reprogramming of rat GLUT-5 requires de novo mRNA and protein synthesis.	2001 Jan	11123204
Thermodynamic analysis of saccharide binding to snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina) seed lectin. Fluorescence and absorption spectroscopic studies.	2001 Jan	11121110
Leptin administration improves skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats.	2001 Jan	11120667
Diversification of cardiac insulin signaling involves the p85 alpha/beta subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.	2001 Jan	11120660
Motivational effects of ethanol in DARPP-32 knock-out mice.	2001 Jan 1	11150351
Autosomal dominant transmission of GLUT1 deficiency.	2001 Jan 1	11136715
Polysaccharides of green Arabica and Robusta coffee beans.	2001 Jan 15	11217967
Neutralization of a conserved amino acid residue in the human Na+/glucose transporter (hSGLT1) generates a glucose-gated H+ channel.	2001 Jan 19	11024018
Interaction of quercetin glucosides with the intestinal sodium/glucose co-transporter (SGLT-1).	2001 Jan 26	11146223
Behavioural responses to elevated plus-maze and defensive burying testing: effects on subsequent ethanol intake and effect of ethanol on retention of the burying response.	2001 Jan-Feb	11139416
Spatial compartmentalization of signal transduction in insulin action.	2001 Mar	11223878
Development of cataractous macrophthalmia in mice expressing an active MEK1 in the lens.	2001 Mar	11222509
Time-resolved study of the inner space of lactose permease.	2001 Mar	11222310
Effects of excitotoxic brain lesions on taste-mediated odor learning in the rat.	2001 Mar	11222055
Hormonal regulation of chicken intestinal NHE and SGLT-1 activities.	2001 Mar	11171642
Impaired PI 3-kinase activation in adipocytes from early growth-restricted male rats.	2001 Mar	11171610
Glucose metabolism in perfused mouse hearts overexpressing human GLUT-4 glucose transporter.	2001 Mar	11171596
The CDTA-soluble pectic substances from soybean meal are composed of rhamnogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan but not homogalacturonan.	2001 Mar	11169388
GLUT4 vesicle trafficking in rat adipocytes after ethanol feeding: regulation by heterotrimeric G-proteins.	2001 Mar 1	11171110
A molecular link between the common phenotypes of type 1 glycogen storage disease and HNF1alpha-null mice.	2001 Mar 16	11121425
Regulation of glut1 mRNA by hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Interaction between H-ras and hypoxia.	2001 Mar 23	11120745

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

no more than 80 to 3000 mg saccharin per kilogram or litre should be used

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

After assaying for prolactin (PRL) in saccharin-treated cultures, it was observed that this sweetener is also capable of stimulating PRL production two- to sixfold in a dose-dependent manner. Enhancement of PRL production can be observed at 0.5 mM saccharin, yet this is 10 times less than the saccharin concentration required to alter cell shape. These effects of saccharin on cell morphology and on PRL production are reversible in rat pituitary tumor cells (GH4C1). When added to cultures along with maximal concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the effects of saccharin on PRL production are additive, suggesting that the actions of saccharin are mediated by a somewhat different pathway from that of the peptide hormones

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:26:32 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:26:32 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	63Q3BCF15A
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

AMMONIUM SACCHARIN

Common Name

English

SACCHARINATE AMMONIUM

Common Name

English

1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE 1,1-DIOXIDE AMMONIUM SALT

Common Name

English

1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE, 1,1-DIOXIDE, AMMONIUM SALT

Common Name

English

SACCHARIN AMMONIUM SALT [MI]

Common Name

English

1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE, 1,1-DIOXIDE, AMMONIUM SALT (1:1)

Common Name

English

SUCLINE

Brand Name

English

DARAMIN

Brand Name

English

AMMONIUM SACCHARIN [FCC]

Common Name

English

SACCHARIN AMMONIUM

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

EPA CompTox

DTXSID7027621