Sodium Hydroxide

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	Na.HO
Molecular Weight	39.9971
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[OH-].[Na+]

InChI

InChIKey=HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	Na
Molecular Weight	22.98976928
Charge	1
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	HO
Molecular Weight	17.0073
Charge	-1
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018

Sodium is the primary cation (positive ion) in extracellular fluids in animals and humans. Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. The human requirement for sodium in the diet is less than 500 mg per day, which is typically less than a tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste. " Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Sodium channel alpha subunit 72 Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416444	Substrate 661
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase 34 Target ID: CHEMBL2095186 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23284664	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Nail grooves 5 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6eeb7bf1-cfd6-4574-94bb-ff69ec91359f	Primary	Approved 8583	POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Approved Use Used as a softener for nail grooves. Also used as a slide medium in Potassium Hydroxide preparations. Apply to nail in office. Launch Date 2010
Plane warts 5 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181	Primary	Phase II 1147	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Molluscum contagiosum 5 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01348386	Primary	Phase III 665	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Genital warts 9 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594	Primary	Phase II 1147	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Hyperkalemia 6 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/011287s023lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	Kayexalate Approved Use INDICATION AND USAGE Kayexalate is indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Launch Date 1958

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Copper(II)-human amylin complex protects pancreatic cells from amylin toxicity.	2013-08-14	23793354
Intracellular lumen extension requires ERM-1-dependent apical membrane expansion and AQP-8-mediated flux.	2013-02	23334498
Water restriction increases renal inner medullary manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD).	2012-09	22718889
Investigation of the binding pocket of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (hH-PGDS): a tale of two waters.	2012-06-01	22546671
Effects of flavored mineral waters on AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes and in human hepatic and intestinal cancer cells.	2012-06	22490669
A novel aquaporin 3 in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is not an arsenic channel.	2012-05	22323512
Enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide excitatory effects in oxytocin and vasopressin neurones during water deprivation.	2012-04	22060896
Estrogen prevents increased hepatic aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol uptake during starvation.	2012-02-01	22114114
Inhibition of aquaporin-3 water channel in the colon induces diarrhea.	2012	22687538
Water permeability and characterization of aquaporin-11.	2011-05	21251984
Redox cycling and increased oxygen utilization contribute to diquat-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.	2011-04-01	21215309
Hippocampal betaine/GABA transporter mRNA expression is not regulated by inflammation or dehydration post-status epilepticus.	2011-04	21219332
Endothelins decrease the expression of aquaporins and plasma membrane water permeability in cultured rat astrocytes.	2011-03	21259319
Identification and characterization of functional aquaporin water channel protein from alimentary tract of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.	2011-03	21146609
Testosterone modulates pituitary vasotocin receptor expression and adrenal activity in osmotically stressed chicken.	2011-01	20850559
Beneficial effect of agmatine on brain apoptosis, astrogliosis, and edema after rat transient cerebral ischemia.	2010-09-06	20815926
Aquaporins in the human testis and spermatozoa - identification, involvement in sperm volume regulation and clinical relevance.	2010-08-01	19840149
Molecular mechanisms of how mercury inhibits water permeation through aquaporin-1: understanding by molecular dynamics simulation.	2010-04-21	20409470
Evidence for the involvement of aquaporins in sperm motility activation of the teleost gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).	2009-11	19571262
Expression and functional characterization of four aquaporin water channels from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).	2009-09-01	19684221
Ferritin enhances salsolinol-mediated DNA strand breakage: protection by carnosine and related compounds.	2009-07-10	19433265
Tobramycin-induced aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a patient with cystic fibrosis.	2009-07	19438544
A stable and sensitive testing system for potential carcinogens based on DNA damage-induced gene expression in human HepG2 cell.	2009-02	19013231
Osmotic water permeability of rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles: involvement of aquaporin-7 and aquaporin-8 and effect of metal ions.	2007-12	18059526
Redox silencing of copper in metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders: reaction of Zn7metallothionein-3 with Cu2+ ions.	2007-06-01	17389590
Two distinct aquaporin-4 cDNAs isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney.	2007-05	17303458
The story of the discovery of aquaporins: convergent evolution of ideas--but who got there first?	2006-10-30	17543213
Heat shock-induced attenuation of hydroxyl radical generation and mitochondrial aconitase activity in cardiac H9c2 cells.	2006-02	16162655
OS-9 interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and prolyl hydroxylases to promote oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-1alpha.	2005-02-18	15721254
Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr(VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction.	2004-01	14971653
Suppressive effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on the increased activity of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase induced by oxidative stress.	2003-12-19	14623030
Interactions of growth inhibitory factor with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.	2003-09	12680700
Different protective roles in vitro of alpha- and beta-domains of growth inhibitory factor (GIF) on neuron injuries caused by oxygen free radicals.	2001-12-05	11750760
Comparison of the effects of O2-/HO free radical- and copper ions-oxidized LDL or lipoprotein(a) on the endothelial cell releases of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.	2001-10-05	11681624
Cr (VI) increases tyrosine phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species-mediated reactions.	2001-06	11678602
In vivo evidence for accelerated generation of hydroxyl radicals in liver of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats with acute hepatitis.	2001-03-01	11182525
Effect of beta-blockers on free radical-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction.	1999-07-27	10421593
Molecular characterization of a broad selectivity neutral solute channel.	1998-09-18	9733774
Reactive oxygen species regulate macrophage scavenger receptor type I, but not type II, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1.	1998-06	9614211
Cloning and functional expression of a new aquaporin (AQP9) abundantly expressed in the peripheral leukocytes permeable to water and urea, but not to glycerol.	1998-03-06	9514918
Induction of aquaporin 3 by corticosteroid in a human airway epithelial cell line.	1997-11	9374739
Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea.	1997-08-15	9252401
One-electron reduction of chromium(VI) by alpha-lipoic acid and related hydroxyl radical generation, dG hydroxylation and nuclear transcription factor-kappaB activation.	1997-02-15	9028868
Immunolocalization and effect of dehydration on AQP3, a basolateral water channel of kidney collecting ducts.	1997-02	9124401
Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance.	1994-12-20	7528931
Cholangiocytes express the aquaporin CHIP and transport water via a channel-mediated mechanism.	1994-12-20	7528928
Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation.	1994-09-30	7929072
A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k.	1993-03-30	8457558
Delayed cystitis due to cyclophosphamide.	1979-01-04	758164
Hemolysis in dialyzed patients: tap water-induced red blood cell metabolic deficiency.	1972	4679882

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

10% Potassium Hydroxide

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 18:25:56 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 18:25:56 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	55X04QC32I
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS

Preferred Name

English

Sodium Hydroxide

Official Name

English

INS-524

Code

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

CAUSTIC SODA

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

LYE

Common Name

English

PROMOTER 3308B

Brand Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS [FCC]

Common Name

English

AETZNATRON

Common Name

English

TOSOH PEARL

Brand Name

English

NSC-135799

Code

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

STAMPERPREP

Common Name

English

E-524

Code

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

NATRII HYDROXYDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDROXIDE [II]

Common Name

English

Sodium hydroxide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

SODIUM HYDRATE

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 184.1763