Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethrin derivative acts as a neurotoxin by depolarizing the nerve cell membrane. Permethrin disrupts the sodium channel current by which membrane repolarization is regulated resulting in fatal paralysis of the nerves in the exoskeletal respiratory muscles of susceptible arthropods, including lice and mite. Permethrin is sold under brand names NIx and Elimite to treat pediculosis, scabies and demodicidosis.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2362985 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2362984 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2362985 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25390654 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Curative | ELIMITE Approved UseELIMITE (permethrin) 5% Cream is indicated for the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptesscabiei (scabies). Launch Date1989 |
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Curative | NIX Approved UseTo treat head lice. Launch Date1990 |
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Curative | NIX Approved UseA synthetic pyrethrin derivative; like natural pyrethrins, acts as a neurotoxin by depolarizing the nerve cell membrane. Disrupts the sodium channel current by which membrane repolarization is regulated resulting in fatal paralysis of the nerves in the exoskeletal respiratory muscles of susceptible arthropods, including lice and mites. Launch Date1986 |
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Curative | NIX Approved UseA synthetic pyrethrin derivative; like natural pyrethrins, acts as a neurotoxin by depolarizing the nerve cell membrane. Disrupts the sodium channel current by which membrane repolarization is regulated resulting in fatal paralysis of the nerves in the exoskeletal respiratory muscles of susceptible arthropods, including lice and mites. Launch Date1986 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
868 ng/mL |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
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253 ng/mL |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
615 ng/mL |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.73 μg × h/mL |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
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6.26 μg × h/mL |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.08 h |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
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4.82 h |
143 g single, oral dose: 143 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PERMETHRIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
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10% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31248885 |
PERMETHRIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
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1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
Other AEs: Skin and subcutaneous conditions NEC... |
5 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
Other AEs: Dystonia... |
200 ug/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 200 ug/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 ug/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Skin and subcutaneous conditions NEC | 1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
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Dystonia | 5 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
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OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
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Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no | ||||
yes |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes [Km 2.8 uM] | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Radiosynthesis and metabolism in rats of the 1R isomers of the insecticide permethrin. | 1976 Mar-Apr |
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Purification and characterization of trans-permethrin metabolizing microsomal esterases from workers of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). | 2001 Apr 27 |
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High performance liquid chromatographic determination of diazinon, permethrin, DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine. | 2001 Jun |
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Increased ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase activity, MAPK phosphorylation, and cell proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP following treatment by select pesticides. | 2001 Mar |
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Simultaneous determination of chlorpyrifos, permethrin, and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. | 2001 May-Jun |
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A solid phase extraction reversed-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of methoprene, permethrin and selected metabolites in rat plasma and urine. | 2001 Nov |
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Simultaneous determination of malathion, permethrin, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine using high performance liquid chromatography. | 2001 Sep |
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Thermal decomposition and isomerization of cis-permethrin and beta-cypermethrin in the solid phase. | 2002 Feb |
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Neonatal exposure of newborn mice to pyrethroid (permethrin) represses activity-dependent c-fos mRNA expression in cerebellum. | 2002 Jul |
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Comparison of five extraction methods for determination of incurred and added pesticides in dietary composites. | 2002 Sep-Oct |
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Transfer efficiencies of pesticides from household flooring surfaces to foods. | 2003 Nov |
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Inhibition of trans-permethrin hydrolysis in human liver fractions by chloropyrifos oxon and carbaryl. | 2004 |
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Microbial transformation of pyrethroid insecticides in aqueous and sediment phases. | 2004 Jan |
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Identification of amino acid residues in the insect sodium channel critical for pyrethroid binding. | 2005 Feb |
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Enantioselectivity in environmental safety of current chiral insecticides. | 2005 Jan 18 |
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Lessons learned for the assessment of children's pesticide exposure: critical sampling and analytical issues for future studies. | 2005 Oct |
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Permethrin may disrupt testosterone biosynthesis via mitochondrial membrane damage of Leydig cells in adult male mouse. | 2007 Aug |
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Synergism between cis-permethrin and benzoyl phenyl urea insect growth regulators against Aedes aegypti larvae. | 2007 Mar |
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Efficacy of permethrin cream and oral ivermectin in treatment of scabies. | 2007 Oct |
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Pyrethroids: cytotoxicity and induction of CYP isoforms in human hepatocytes. | 2008 |
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Permethrin may induce adult male mouse reproductive toxicity due to cis isomer not trans isomer. | 2008 Jun 27 |
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Three mutations identified in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel alpha-subunit gene of permethrin-resistant human head lice reduce the permethrin sensitivity of house fly Vssc1 sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. | 2008 Mar |
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Mitigation assessment of vegetated drainage ditches for collecting irrigation runoff in California. | 2008 Mar-Apr |
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Neurobehavioral toxicology of pyrethroid insecticides in adult animals: a critical review. | 2008 Mar-Apr |
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Effect of permethrin insecticide on rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils. | 2009 Dec 10 |
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In vitro metabolism of pyrethroid pesticides by rat and human hepatic microsomes and cytochrome p450 isoforms. | 2009 Jan |
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Measuring pyrethroids in sediment pore water using matrix-solid phase microextraction. | 2009 Jan |
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The inducibility of human cytochrome P450 1A by environmental-relevant xenobiotics in the human hepatoma derived cell line HepG2. | 2009 Nov |
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Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in México. | 2009 Oct 13 |
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Isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for determination of pyrethroids in apple juice. | 2010 Mar |
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Body mass index, agricultural pesticide use, and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. | 2010 Nov |
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Pesticide use modifies the association between genetic variants on chromosome 8q24 and prostate cancer. | 2010 Nov 15 |
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A simple HPLC method for determination of permethrin residues in wine. | 2010 Oct |
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Use of comprehensive screening methods to detect selective human CAR activators. | 2011 Dec 15 |
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Fetal exposure to chlordane and permethrin mixtures in relation to inflammatory cytokines and birth outcomes. | 2011 Feb 15 |
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Comparative study of human and mouse pregnane X receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using in vitro reporter gene assays. | 2011 Feb 27 |
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High frequency of mutations associated with head lice pyrethroid resistance in schoolchildren from Bobigny, France. | 2011 Jan |
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Permethrin treatment of head lice with knockdown resistance-like gene. | 2011 Jan 27 |
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Early life permethrin insecticide treatment leads to heart damage in adult rats. | 2011 Sep |
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Antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of pyrethrins and pyrethroids. | 2011 Sep 14 |
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Activation of a tunicate (Ciona intestinalis) xenobiotic receptor orthologue by both natural toxins and synthetic toxicants. | 2012 Feb |
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The impact of early life permethrin exposure on development of neurodegeneration in adulthood. | 2012 Jan |
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Permethrin exposure during puberty has the potential to enantioselectively induce reproductive toxicity in mice. | 2012 Jul |
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Do pollutants affect insecticide-driven gene selection in mosquitoes? Experimental evidence from transcriptomics. | 2012 Jun 15 |
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Inhibition of human MDR1 and BCRP transporter ATPase activity by organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides. | 2013 Feb |
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Effects of early life permethrin exposure on spatial working memory and on monoamine levels in different brain areas of pre-senescent rats. | 2013 Jan 7 |
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Early life permethrin exposure induces long-term brain changes in Nurr1, NF-kB and Nrf-2. | 2013 Jun 17 |
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A metabonomic investigation of the effects of 60 days exposure of rats to two types of pyrethroid insecticides. | 2013 Nov 25 |
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Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study. | 2013 Oct |
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Early life permethrin treatment leads to long-term cardiotoxicity. | 2013 Oct |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Scabies: Thoroughly massage permethrin 5% cream into the skin from the head to the soles of the feet. Usually 30 grams is sufficient for an average adult. The cream should be removed by washing after 8 to 14 hours. Infants should be treated on the scalp, temple, and forehead. 1 application is generally curative. Lice: completely saturate the hair and scalp with the drug. Begin to apply it behind the ears and at the back of the neck. Leave the shampoo on the hair for 10 minutes, but no longer, rinse with warm water, towel dry hair and comb out tangles. If live lice are seen seven days or more after the first treatment, a second treatment should be given.
Route of Administration:
Topical
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WHO-VATC |
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
13.5
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EMA VETERINARY ASSESSMENT REPORTS |
ACTIVYL TICK PLUS (AUTHORIZED)
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NCI_THESAURUS |
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VECTRA 3D [AUTHORIZED]
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
109701
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All of the following components must be present:
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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