U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C38H72N2O12.2ClH
Molecular Weight 821.906
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 18 / 18
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.Cl.[H][C@@]1(C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@]3([H])O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]3O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)CN(C)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@](C)(O)[C@@H](CC)OC(=O)[C@@H]2C

InChI

InChIKey=WUTMHODASJRZBL-KUJJYQHYSA-N
InChI=1S/C38H72N2O12.2ClH/c1-15-27-38(10,46)31(42)24(6)40(13)19-20(2)17-36(8,45)33(52-35-29(41)26(39(11)12)16-21(3)48-35)22(4)30(23(5)34(44)50-27)51-28-18-37(9,47-14)32(43)25(7)49-28;;/h20-33,35,41-43,45-46H,15-19H2,1-14H3;2*1H/t20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32+,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-;;/m1../s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula C38H72N2O12
Molecular Weight 748.9845
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 18 / 18
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Azithromycin is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics, used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections: Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults; acute bacterial sinusitis in adults; uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults; urethritis and cervicitis in adults; genital ulcer disease in men; acute otitis media in pediatric patients; community-acquired pneumonia in adults and pediatric patients; pharyngitis/tonsillitis in adults and pediatric patients. Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors. A team of researchers at the Croatian pharmaceutical company Pliva, discovered azithromycin in 1980. It was patented in 1981. In 1986, Pliva and Pfizer signed a licensing agreement, which gave Pfizer exclusive rights for the sale of azithromycin in Western Europe and the United States. Pliva put its azithromycin on the market in Central and Eastern Europe under the brand name of Sumamed in 1988. Pfizer launched azithromycin under Pliva's license in other markets under the brand name Zithromax in 1991. Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic of the azalide class. Like other macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome. Binding inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with amino acid translocation during the process of translation. Its effects may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending of the organism and the drug concentration. Its long half-life, which enables once daily dosing and shorter administration durations, is a property distinct from other macrolides.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Curative
ZITHROMAX

Approved Use

Azithromycin Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia: see WARNINGS ) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections, please see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for specific dosing recommendations. Adults Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and follow-up tests for these diseases should be initiated if infection is confirmed. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Pediatric Patients: (See PRECAUTIONS—Pediatric Use and CLINICAL STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS .) Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Azithromycin should not be used in pediatric patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. (For specific dosage recommendation, see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) NOTE: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Launch Date

1991
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.39 μg/L
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
0.94 mg/L
2000 mg single, oral
dose: 2000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
0.54 μg/mL
500 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
0.5 μg/mL
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.94 mg × h/L
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
10 mg × h/L
2000 mg single, oral
dose: 2000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
17.4 μg × h/mL
500 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
4.3 μg × h/mL
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
71.8 h
500 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
71%
500 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
71%
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
2 g 1 times / day single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2 g, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 25.2 (16-50)
n = 237
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: urethral or endocervical infections with Chlamydia trachomatis.
Age Group: 25.2 (16-50)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 237
Sources:
0.5 g 1 times / day single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.5 g, 1 times / day
Sources:
healthy, 42 (25-56)
n = 12
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 42 (25-56)
Population Size: 12
Sources:
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 003
unhealthy, adult
n = 301
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 301
Sources: Page: Study 003
Disc. AE: Sinusitis, Throat infection...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Sinusitis
Throat infection
Upper respiratory tract infection
Sources: Page: Study 003
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Disc. AE: Iritis, Conjunctivitis bacterial...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Iritis
Conjunctivitis bacterial
Conjunctivitis
Irritability
Herpes zoster
Sources: Page: Study 004
0.5 g 2 times / day multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Sources:
unknown, adult
Health Status: unknown
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Other AEs: Angioedema, Anaphylaxis...
Other AEs:
Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
Stevens Johnson syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Sinusitis Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 003
unhealthy, adult
n = 301
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 301
Sources: Page: Study 003
Throat infection Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 003
unhealthy, adult
n = 301
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 301
Sources: Page: Study 003
Upper respiratory tract infection Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 003
unhealthy, adult
n = 301
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 301
Sources: Page: Study 003
Conjunctivitis bacterial Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Conjunctivitis Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Herpes zoster Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Iritis Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Irritability Disc. AE
1 % 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 %, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: Study 004
unhealthy, adult
n = 333
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: bacterial conjunctivitis
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 333
Sources: Page: Study 004
Anaphylaxis
0.5 g 2 times / day multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Sources:
unknown, adult
Health Status: unknown
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Angioedema
0.5 g 2 times / day multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Sources:
unknown, adult
Health Status: unknown
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Stevens Johnson syndrome
0.5 g 2 times / day multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Sources:
unknown, adult
Health Status: unknown
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
0.5 g 2 times / day multiple, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 g, 2 times / day
Sources:
unknown, adult
Health Status: unknown
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victimTox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Azithromycin-induced hearing loss.
1999 Feb 15
In vitro activities of clarithromycin and azithromycin against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare.
1999 Jun
In vitro anticryptosporidial activity of ranalexin alone and in combination with other peptides and with hydrophobic antibiotics.
1999 Nov
Evaluation of the efficacy of atovaquone alone or in combination with azithromycin against acute murine toxoplasmosis.
2000 Apr
Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss as a result of azithromycin ototoxicity. A case report.
2000 Apr
Activity of nitazoxanide alone and in combination with azithromycin and rifabutin against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture.
2000 Apr
Anticryptosporidial activity of ranalexin, lasalocid and azithromycin alone and in combination in cell lines.
2000 Mar
The SAFE strategy for the elimination of trachoma by 2020: will it work?
2001
Comparison of two azithromycin distribution strategies for controlling trachoma in Nepal.
2001
Duration of clinical symptoms in female patients with acute urethral syndrome caused by Chlamydia trachomatis treated with azithromycin or doxycycline.
2001 Apr
Mycobacterium marinum infection in a lung transplant recipient.
2001 Apr
Incidence and determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among persons with HIV: association with hospital exposure.
2001 Apr
Comparative efficacy of new investigational agents against Helicobacter pylori.
2001 Apr
In vitro effects of azithromycin on Salmonella typhi: early inhibition by concentrations less than the MIC and reduction of MIC by alkaline pH and small inocula.
2001 Apr
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of 3 day azithromycin versus 10 day co-amoxiclav in the treatment of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections.
2001 Apr
Treatment alternatives for Mycobacterium kansasii.
2001 Apr
Six cases of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis alleviated by various antibiotics.
2001 Apr
Severe babesiosis in Long Island: review of 34 cases and their complications.
2001 Apr 15
Azithromycin and pelvic inflammatory disease in the Northern Territory.
2001 Apr 2
Comparison of amoxicillin and azithromycin in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media.
2001 Apr 6
[Isolation of Vibrio strains in French coastal waters and infection with Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139].
2001 Apr 7
Azithromycin: a new 15-membered macrolide.
2001 Feb
[Subacute infectious endocarditis due to the agent of cat scratch fever: Bartonella henselae].
2001 Feb
Treatment of cat-scratch disease.
2001 Feb
New approaches to the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
2001 Feb
Antibiotic-resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori in Croatia: cohort study.
2001 Feb
Rhodococcus equi and cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a renal transplant patient: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
2001 Feb
Azithromycin and gentamicin therapy for the treatment of humans with brucellosis.
2001 Feb 1
Evaluation of iron-phosphate as a source of internal lake phosphorus loadings.
2001 Feb 5
Acute community-acquired pneumonia: current diagnosis and treatment.
2001 Jan
Resolution of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia resistant to azithromycin by switching to tacrolimus.
2001 Jan
Effect of azithromycin on murine arteriosclerosis exacerbated by Chlamydia pneumoniae.
2001 Jan 15
Malaria chemoprophylaxis in the age of drug resistance. I. Currently recommended drug regimens.
2001 Jul 15
Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 56647) and five comparative antibiotics, used singly and in combination, against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci.
2001 Jul-Aug
The hidden impact of antibacterial resistance in respiratory tract infection. Re-evaluating current antibiotic therapy.
2001 Jun
A randomized controlled trial comparing amoxicillin and azithromycin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy.
2001 Jun
Persistently positive culture results in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila.
2001 Jun 1
Azithromycin-containing regimens for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.
2001 Jun 1
Macrolide therapy of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 10 days of macrolide therapy (clarithromycin) is more effective in streptococcal eradication than 5 days (azithromycin).
2001 Jun 15
A family cluster of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
2001 Jun 16
Comparative serum bactericidal activity of clarithromycin and azithromycin against macrolide-sensitive and resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2001 Mar
In vitro activity and pharmacodynamics of azithromycin and clarithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae based on serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics.
2001 Mar
Hypersensitivity syndrome associated with azithromycin.
2001 Mar
The activity of antibiotics against Legionella pneumophila: in vitro and in vivo studies.
2001 Mar
Comparative in vitro activity of moxifloxacin by E-test against Streptococcus pyogenes.
2001 Mar 15
Azithromycin prophylaxis during a hospital outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
2001 Mar 15
Antibiotic treatment in acute Otitis Media promotes superinfection with resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae carried before initiation of treatment.
2001 Mar 15
The treatment of babesiosis.
2001 Mar 8
[Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of azithromycin (Zithromac), a novel 15-membered ring macrolide antibacterial agent].
2001 May
A multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in 1999 in Portugal.
2001 Spring
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Community-acquired pneumonia (mild severity); Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (second-line therapy); Skin/skin structure (uncomplicated): 500 mg as a single dose on Day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5. Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (mild to moderate): 500 mg as a single dose on Day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5 or 500 mg once daily for 3 days Acute bacterial sinusitis: 500 mg once daily for 3 days Genital ulcer disease (chancroid) Non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis: One single 1 gram dose. Gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis: One single 2 gram dose. Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg as a single dose or 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days or 10 mg/kg as a single dose on Day
Route of Administration: Oral
Azithromycin can benefit treating allergic airway inflammation and remodeling. Azithromycin significantly reduced the inflammation score, peribronchial smooth muscle layer thickness, epithelial thickening and goblet cell metaplasia, and effectively suppressed apoptotic index (AI) of airway epithelium. Moreover, the increasing mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in lung tissue were all significantly decreased in azithromycin-treated rats. In vitro, azithromycin significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cells apoptosis and reversed TGF-β1 elevated Caspase-3 mRNA level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
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Record UNII
4WY75EB7AG
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
Azithromycin hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
1-OXA-6-AZACYCLOPENTADECAN-15-ONE, 13-((2,6-DIDEOXY-3-C-METHYL-3-O-METHYL-.ALPHA.-L-RIBO-HEXOPYRANOSYL)OXY)-2-ETHYL-3,4,10-TRIHYDROXY-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-HEPTAMETHYL-11-((3,4,6-TRIDEOXY-3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-.BETA.-D-XYLO-HEXOPYRANOSYL)OXY)-, HYDROCHLORIDE (1:2
Systematic Name English
Code System Code Type Description
CAS
918525-68-5
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023
NON-SPECIFIC STOICHIOMETRY
CAS
90581-31-0
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
44468059
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000173905
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
4WY75EB7AG
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 14:02:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
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