SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C16H15F6N5O.H3O4P
Molecular Weight	505.3088
Optical Activity	( - )
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure of SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

Structure Search

SMILES

OP(O)(O)=O.N[C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCN2C(C1)=NN=C2C(F)(F)F)CC3=C(F)C=C(F)C(F)=C3

InChI

InChIKey=IQFYVLUXQXSJJN-SBSPUUFOSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H15F6N5O.H3O4P/c17-10-6-12(19)11(18)4-8(10)3-9(23)5-14(28)26-1-2-27-13(7-26)24-25-15(27)16(20,21)22;1-5(2,3)4/h4,6,9H,1-3,5,7,23H2;(H3,1,2,3,4)/t9-;/m1./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	H3O4P
Molecular Weight	97.9952
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C16H15F6N5O
Molecular Weight	407.3136
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021995s034lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23745054 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17580730

Sitagliptin (MK-0431), chemically (2R)-4-Oxo-4-[3- (trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin- 7(8H)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifl uorophenyl)butan-2-amine has a very high selectivity towards DPP-4, with an IC(50) of 18 nM. There is no affinity towards other DDP enzymes (DPP- 8 and DPP-9). It has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the USA and Europe and is registered by the name Januvia (Merck Pharmaceuticals, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA). In healthy volunteers and in patients with type 2 diabetes of different ethnic background, the tolerability of different doses given once or twice daily is good. The drug works to competitively inhibit a protein/enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), that results in an increased amount of active incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), reduced amount of release of glucagon (diminishes its release) and increased release of insulin. Sitagliptin is an incretin enhancer and the first marketed medication belonging to the gliptin class. In fact, no published literature exists regarding incidence or severity of hypoglycemia when sitagliptin is used off-label in combined with insulin therapy. However, is recommended to use methods to avoid hypoglycemia when using this off-label combination. Approximately 79% of sitagliptin is excreted unchanged in the urine with metabolism being a minor pathway of elimination. Elimination of sitagliptin occurs primarily via renal excretion and involves active tubular secretion. Sitagliptin is a substrate for human organic anion transporter-3 (hOAT-3), which may be involved in the renal elimination of sitagliptin

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV 37 Target ID: CHEMBL284 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17580730	Inhibitor 8297		18.0 nM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 259 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021995s034lbl.pdf	Palliative		Approved 8429	JANUVIA Approved Use JANUVIA is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1.1) Important Limitations of Use: •JANUVIA should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. (1.2) •JANUVIA has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. (1.2, 5.1) 1.1 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy JANUVIA® is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [See Clinical Studies (14). Launch Date 2006

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
950 nM DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/022044s046lbl.pdf	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SITAGLIPTIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
8.52 μM × h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/022044s046lbl.pdf	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SITAGLIPTIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
12.4 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/022044s046lbl.pdf	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SITAGLIPTIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
62% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/022044s046lbl.pdf	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SITAGLIPTIN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
200 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 200 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346099	unhealthy, 14.8 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: type 2 diabetes mellitus Age Group: 14.8 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346099	Other AEs: Vomiting... Other AEs: Vomiting (12.5%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346099
800 mg single, oral Studied dose Dose: 800 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021995lbl.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19602719	healthy, 18-45 years n = 77 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18-45 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 77 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021995lbl.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19602719	Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021995lbl.pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19602719
1700 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1700 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277726/	unknown, 86 years Health Status: unknown Age Group: 86 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277726/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277726/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Vomiting	12.5%	200 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 200 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346099	unhealthy, 14.8 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: type 2 diabetes mellitus Age Group: 14.8 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346099

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1737 inducer 781 inhibitor 1587	inhibitor 1767	inhibitor 1852	inhibitor 1612

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OCT transporters 14 CYP 111 P-gp 1461 OAT3 642 CYP1A2 1524 CYP2B6 810 CYP2C8 911 CYP2C19 1478	CYP2C8 693 OAT3 339 P-gp 1537 OAT1 326 PEPT1 49 OCT2 355 OAT4 78

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
CYP1A2 1692	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2B6 1001	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C19 1553	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C8 965	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15, 30	no [IC50 >100 uM]	no (co-administration study) Comment: results indicated that sitagliptin was not a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4; sitagliptin did not meaningfully alter the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin. Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15, 30
CYP 147	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/022044s000_PharmR.pdf Page: 6.0	no
CYP3A4 1925	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no
OAT3 644	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/022044s000_PharmR.pdf Page: 6.0	no
OCT transporters 14	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/022044s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 9.0	no
P-gp 1650	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no	no (co-administration study) Comment: sitagliptin had no inhibitory effect on the P-gp mediated transport of digoxin, verapmil, ritonavir, adn vinblastine Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
OAT4 78	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	inconclusive
OAT1 326	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no
OCT2 355	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no
PEPT1 49	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 15.0	no
CYP2C8 693	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 4, 42	yes
CYP3A4 1737	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 4, 42	yes
OAT3 339	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 4, 15	yes
P-gp 1537	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 4, 15	yes	yes (co-administration study) Comment: cyclosporin A significantly inhibited P-gp transport of sitagliptin Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_ClinPharmR.pdf Page: 4, 15

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 1647	inhibitor 1626 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021995s000_PharmR.pdf Page: 22, 23

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:40237	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:40237
ChemicalBook	CB01449778	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB01449778
MolPort	MolPort-003-666-756	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-003-666-756
ZINC	ZINC000001489478	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000001489478
eMolecules	6755163	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=6755163

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in healthy subjects: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with single oral doses.	2005 Dec	16338283
New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on incretins.	2005 Summer	17491680
Determination of MK-0431 in human plasma using high turbulence liquid chromatography online extraction and tandem mass spectrometry.	2006	16541412
American Diabetes Association--66th scientific sessions. 9-13 June 2006, Washington, DC, USA.	2006 Aug	16871459
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of the oral DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in middle-aged obese subjects.	2006 Aug	16855072
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.	2006 Dec	17130197
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy male volunteers.	2006 Jan	16490580
Therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on incretin action.	2006 Jun	16682937
[Dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitors and dual action PPAR-agonists].	2006 Mar	16550882
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2006 Nov	17001471
Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.	2006 Nov	16912128
Oral agents for type 2 diabetes reduce HbA1c, are weight neutral.	2006 Sep	16998999
The burden of type 2 diabetes: strategies to prevent or delay onset.	2007	17969381
Review of sitagliptin phosphate: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes.	2007	17580730
Discovery of JANUVIA (Sitagliptin), a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2007	17352677
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2007 Apr	17940427
[Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes].	2007 Apr	17566392
Inhibition of DPP-4: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2007 Apr	17407649
Disposition of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin in rats and dogs.	2007 Apr	17220241
Characterization of two cyclic metabolites of sitagliptin.	2007 Apr	17220240
Metabolism and excretion of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor [14C]sitagliptin in humans.	2007 Apr	17220239
[Incretin enhancers, incretin mimetics: from therapeutic concept to clinical application].	2007 Apr 1	17383951
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and the incretin system in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2007 Aug	17655515
Antihyperglycaemic therapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: potential role of incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors.	2007 Aug	17593275
Antidiabetic medications in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes: drawbacks of current drugs and potential advantages of incretin-based treatment on body weight.	2007 Aug	17593274
Design and synthesis of potent amido- and benzyl-substituted cis-3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl DPP-IV inhibitors.	2007 Dec 15	17977724
Incretins: a new treatment option for type 2 diabetes?	2007 Feb	17379930
Multiple-dose administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, does not alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in healthy subjects.	2007 Feb	17244766
Efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes.	2007 Jan	17156104
Sitagliptin (Januvia) for type 2 diabetes.	2007 Jan 1	17179897
New treatment for diabetes.	2007 Jan-Feb	17342826
The physiology of incretin hormones and the basis for DPP-4 inhibitors.	2007 Jan-Feb	17272793
A review of the effects of antihyperglycaemic agents on body weight: the potential of incretin targeted therapies.	2007 Jul	17559747
[New concepts in the treatment of type 2 diabetes].	2007 Jul	17541529
Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	2007 Jul	17468348
Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.	2007 Jul 11	17622601
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and their role in Type 2 diabetes management.	2007 Jul-Aug	17848846
Once-daily sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	2007 Jun	17559733
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: clinical data and clinical implications.	2007 Jun	17337494
Sitagliptin/metformin (Janumet) for type 2 diabetes.	2007 Jun 4	17541377
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: a major new class of oral antidiabetic drug.	2007 Mar	17300591
Sitagliptin improved glycemic control and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.	2007 Mar-Apr	17335162
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: focus on sitagliptin.	2007 May	17392725
New treatments for diabetes.	2007 May 24	17526096
New treatments for diabetes.	2007 May 24	17526095
New treatments for diabetes.	2007 May 24	17522409
Incretin-based treatment of type 2 diabetes: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	2007 Sep	17877544
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.	2007 Sep	17593236
Absolute bioavailability of sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	2007 Sep	17575559
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and diabetes therapy.	2008 Jan 1	17981665

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

100 mg once daily. It can be taken with or without food.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Adipose tissue from adult-male Fischer 344 rats were cultured in endothelial progenitor cell culture medium for 14 d with (25 μmol/L) or without sitagliptin.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:56:43 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:56:43 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	494P4635I6
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

Common Name

English

SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS COMPONENT OF JANUMET

Brand Name

English

1,2,4-TRIAZOLO(4,3-A)PYRAZINE, 7-((3R)-3-AMINO-1-OXO-4-(2,4,5-TRIFLUOROPHENYL)BUTYL)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

SITAGLIPTIN MONOPHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS [MI]

Common Name

English

SITAGLIPTIN MONOPHOSPHATE

Common Name

English

7-((3R)-3-AMINO-4-(2,4,5-TRIFLUOROPHENYL)BUTANOYL)-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLO(4,3-A)PYRAZINEMONOPHOSPHATE

Common Name

English

Sitagliptin Phosphate [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

EPA CompTox

DTXSID10215789