Nonoxynol-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant and vaginal spermicide used for contraception in spermicidal creams, jellies, foams, gel, and lubricants. It is also used in conjuction with other methods of contraception, including condoms, cervical caps and diaphragms. Nonoxynol-9 interacts with the lipids in the membranes of the acrosome and the midpiece of the sperm. The sperm membranes are lysed; the acrosome, neck and midpiece of the spermatozoa are loosened and then detached which results in their immobilization and death. Nonoxynol-9 offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia and does not prevent HIV infection and may even favour infection if used frequently. A possible reason, is that nonoxynol-9 can disrupt the epithelium, or wall, of the vagina, thereby potentially facilitating invasion by an infective organism and virus. Nonoxynol-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P35354 Gene ID: 5743.0 Gene Symbol: PTGS2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
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Target ID: CHEMBL614870 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL613758 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3390826 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preventing | TODAY VAGINAL CONTRACEPTIVE Approved UsePrevents pregnancy |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| A human colorectal explant culture to evaluate topical microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection. | 2005-11-01 |
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| Impact of membrane cholesterol content on the resistance of vesicles to surfactant attack. | 2005-10-25 |
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| Spermicide used alone for contraception. | 2005-10-19 |
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| Low pH immobilizes and kills human leukocytes and prevents transmission of cell-associated HIV in a mouse model. | 2005-09-30 |
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| Polybiguanides, particularly polyethylene hexamethylene biguanide, have activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | 2005-09 |
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| Prolonged exposure to the candidate microbicide C31G differentially reduces cellular sensitivity to agent re-exposure. | 2005-09 |
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| Why nonoxynol-9 may have failed to prevent acquisition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical trials. | 2005-08 |
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| Discovery of substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes as potent spermicides, acrosin inhibitors and mild anti-fungal agents. | 2005-08 |
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| Nonoxynol-9 induces apoptosis of endometrial explants by both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. | 2005-08 |
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| Lea's Shield: colposcopic and microbiological testing during 8 weeks of use. | 2005-07 |
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| Acceptability of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides. | 2005-06 |
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| The development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission. | 2005-05 |
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| Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). | 2005-04-29 |
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| Antimicrobial peptides as microbicidal contraceptives: prophecies for prophylactics--a mini review. | 2005-03 |
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| Review of non-hormonal contraception (condoms, intrauterine devices, nonoxynol-9 and combos) on HIV acquisition. | 2005-03 |
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| The effect of nonoxynol-9 on human endometrium. | 2005-02 |
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| Spermicidal effect of Jieze No. 1 in combination with nonoxynol-9 in vitro. | 2005 |
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| Clinical microbicide research: an overview. | 2004-12 |
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| Condom use assessment of persons in drug abuse treatment. | 2004-12 |
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| Postcoital testing after the use of a bio-adhesive acid buffering gel (ACIDFORM) and a 2% nonoxynol-9 product. | 2004-12 |
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| Prevention of genital herpes in a guinea pig model using a glycoprotein D-specific single chain antibody as a microbicide. | 2004-11-23 |
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| Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel: multi-site safety study from sub-Saharan Africa. | 2004-11-05 |
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| Participant characteristics associated with withdrawal from a large randomized trial of spermicide effectiveness. | 2004-10-01 |
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| Mutagenicity of vaginal spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 in a bacterial assay. | 2004-10 |
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| In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. | 2004-10 |
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| A case study on forensic polymer analysis by DIOS-MS: the suspect who gave us the SLIP. | 2004-09 |
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| A randomized Phase I vaginal safety study of three concentrations of C31G vs. Extra Strength Gynol II. | 2004-09 |
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| Male tolerance study of 1% C31G. | 2004-09 |
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| Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 predict mucosal toxicity of vaginal microbicidal contraceptives. | 2004-09 |
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| Lubricants containing N-9 may enhance rectal transmission of HIV and other STIs. | 2004-08 |
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| Single and multiple exposure tolerance study of polystyrene sulfonate gel: a phase I safety and colposcopy study. | 2004-07 |
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| Synthesis and spermicidal activity of a putative nitric oxide-releasing derivative of nonoxynol-9. | 2004-07 |
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| Acceptability of COL-1492, a vaginal gel, among sex workers in one Asian and three African cities. | 2004-06 |
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| Efficacy of animal anti-fertility compounds against sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) spermatozoa. | 2004-04-15 |
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| The evaluation of the local tolerance of vaginal formulations, with or without nonoxynol-9, using the slug mucosal irritation test. | 2004-04 |
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| Contraceptive effectiveness and safety of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides: a randomized trial. | 2004-03 |
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| Final report on the safety assessment of octoxynol-1, octoxynol-3, octoxynol-5, octoxynol-6, octoxynol-7, octoxynol-8, octoxynol-9, octoxynol-10, octoxynol-11, octoxynol-12, octoxynol-13, octoxynol-16, octoxynol-20, octoxynol-25, octoxynol-30, octoxynol-33, octoxynol-40, octoxynol-70, octoxynol-9 carboxylic acid, octoxynol-20 carboxylic acid, potassium octoxynol-12 phosphate, sodium octoxynol-2 ethane sulfonate, sodium octoxynol-2 sulfate, sodium octoxynol-6 sulfate, and sodium octoxynol-9 sulfate. | 2004 |
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| Clinical development of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection. | 2004 |
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| Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film. | 2003-11-14 |
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| [Contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive nonoxynol-9 Gel: comparison with nonoxynol-9 suppository]. | 2003-10 |
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| Disruption of the upper female reproductive tract epithelium by nonoxynol-9. | 2003-10 |
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| In vitro release of nonoxynol-9 from silicone matrix intravaginal rings. | 2003-09-04 |
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| Effect of spermicides on Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro-nonoxynol-9 vs. Sapindus saponins. | 2003-08 |
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| Incidence of acute urinary tract infection in young women and use of male condoms with and without nonoxynol-9 spermicides. | 2003-07 |
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| Mechanism of action of some acrylophenones, quinolines and dithiocarbamate as potent, non-detergent spermicidal agents. | 2003-05 |
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| Phase I safety & preliminary acceptability of nonoxynol-9 vaginal pessary as a vaginal microbicide in low risk women in Pune, India. | 2003-04 |
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| Contraceptive activity of a spermicidal aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in rabbits. | 2003-04 |
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| Coprecipitation of nonoxynol-9 with polyvinylpyrrolidone to decrease vaginal irritation potential while maintaining spermicidal potency. | 2003 |
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| Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection. | 2002-09 |
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| Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes. | 1992-07-22 |
| Substance Class |
Polymer
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C82130
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26027-38-3
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NONOXYNOL-9
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PRIMARY | Description: A clear, colourless to light yellow, viscous liquid. Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol (~750 g/l) TS and olive oil R. Category: Adjunctive contraceptive agent. Storage: Nonoxinol 9 should be kept in a tightly closed container.Additional information: Nonoxinol 9 should be kept away from oxidizing agents. RequirementsDefinition: Nonoxinol 9 is an anhydrous liquid mixture containing mainly monononylphenyl ethers of macrogols. The content is not less than 95.0% and not more than 105.0% of Nonoxinol 9, calculated with reference to the anhydroussubstance. | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| MOL_WEIGHT:CALCULATED | CHEMICAL |
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