Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C14H20N2O2.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 284.782 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=C2C=CNC2=CC=C1
InChI
InChIKey=MAUPDHMFNIUWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H20N2O2.ClH/c1-10(2)16-8-11(17)9-18-14-5-3-4-13-12(14)6-7-15-13;/h3-7,10-11,15-17H,8-9H2,1-2H3;1H
| Molecular Formula | ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C14H20N2O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 248.3208 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
DescriptionSources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=05dfb38c-b832-4ae0-b28b-d271008e670bCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2879589
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6125094
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9536453
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2429847
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018285s034lbl.pdf
Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=05dfb38c-b832-4ae0-b28b-d271008e670b
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2879589
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6125094
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9536453
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2429847
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018285s034lbl.pdf
Pindolol was developed at Sandoz at 1960s. Pindolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonist activity) in therapeutic dosage ranges but does not possess quinidine-like membrane stabilizing activity. The partial beta-adrenergic agonistic activity of pindolol in the heart appears to be completely restricted to the sinoatrial pacemaker. In standard pharmacologic tests in man and animals, Pindolol attenuates increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac output resulting from exercise and isoproterenol administration, thus confirming its beta-blocking properties. In addition to beta-adrenergic activity pindolol demonstrates mixed agonist-antagonist activity at central 5-HT receptors. Although in accordance with the hypothesis that pindolol increases the antidepressant effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by antagonism of 5-HT at inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors, pindolol possesses partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors. Pindolol tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL214 |
6.4 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094118 |
9.25 null [pKd] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | VISKEN Approved UsePindolol tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents, particularly with a thiazide-type diuretic. Launch Date1982 |
|||
| Primary | PINDOLOL Approved UsePindolol tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents, particularly with a thiazide-type diuretic. Launch Date1992 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
250 nM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2880722/ |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PINDOLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1200 nM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2880722/ |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PINDOLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2880722/ |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PINDOLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Other AEs: Bizarre dreams, Dizziness... Other AEs: Bizarre dreams (5%) Sources: Dizziness (9%) Fatigue (8%) Hallucinations (<1%) Insomnia (10%) Nervousness (7%) Weakness (4%) Paresthesia (3%) Dyspnea (5%) Edema (6%) Heart failure (<1%) Palpitations (<1%) Chest pain (3%) Joint pain (7%) Muscle cramps (3%) Muscle pain (10%) Abdominal discomfort (4%) Nausea (5%) Pruritus (1%) Rash (<1%) Anxiety (uncertain, <2%) Lethargy (uncertain, <2%) Visual disturbances (uncertain, <2%) Hyperhidrosis (uncertain, <2%) Bradycardia (uncertain, <2%) Claudication (uncertain, <2%) Cold extremities (uncertain, <2%) Heart block (uncertain, <2%) Syncope (uncertain, <2%) Tachycardia (uncertain, <2%) Weight gain (uncertain, <2%) Hypotension (uncertain, <2%) Diarrhea (uncertain, <2%) Vomiting (uncertain, <2%) Wheezing (uncertain, <2%) Impotence (uncertain, <2%) Pollakiuria (uncertain, <2%) Eye discomfort (uncertain, <2%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pruritus | 1% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Insomnia | 10% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Muscle pain | 10% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Chest pain | 3% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Muscle cramps | 3% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Paresthesia | 3% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Abdominal discomfort | 4% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Weakness | 4% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Bizarre dreams | 5% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Dyspnea | 5% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Nausea | 5% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Edema | 6% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Joint pain | 7% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Nervousness | 7% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Fatigue | 8% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Dizziness | 9% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Hallucinations | <1% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Heart failure | <1% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Palpitations | <1% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Rash | <1% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Anxiety | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Bradycardia | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Claudication | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Cold extremities | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Diarrhea | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Eye discomfort | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Heart block | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Hyperhidrosis | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Hypotension | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Impotence | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Lethargy | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Pollakiuria | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Syncope | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Tachycardia | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Visual disturbances | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Vomiting | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Weight gain | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
| Wheezing | uncertain, <2% | 5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: cimetidine coadministration increases pindolol plasma levels |
|||
| yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: cimetidine increased AUC by 1.4 fold and Cmax by 1.3 fold |
|||
| yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: cimetidine increased AUC by 1.4 fold and Cmax by 1.3 fold |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiolytic-like effects of baicalein and baicalin in the Vogel conflict test in mice. | 2003-03-19 |
|
| EEG effects of buspirone and pindolol: a method of examining 5-HT1A receptor function in humans. | 2003-03 |
|
| Effects on sleep architecture of pindolol, paroxetine and their combination in healthy volunteers. | 2003-03 |
|
| Chiral separation of amines with N-benzoxycarbonylglycyl-L-proline as selector in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis using methanol and 1,2-dichloroethane in the background electrolyte. | 2003-01-17 |
|
| Evidence against beta 3-adrenoceptors or low affinity state of beta 1-adrenoceptors mediating relaxation in rat isolated aorta. | 2003-01 |
|
| Evidence that the anorexia induced by lipopolysaccharide is mediated by the 5-HT2C receptor. | 2003-01 |
|
| Pharmacological management for agitation and aggression in people with acquired brain injury. | 2003 |
|
| Serotonin regulates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression via a 5-HT7 receptor. | 2002-12-15 |
|
| Indorenate produces antidepressant-like actions in the rat forced swimming test via 5-HT1A receptors. | 2002-12 |
|
| The role of in vivo molecular imaging with PET and SPECT in the elucidation of psychiatric drug action and new drug development. | 2002-12 |
|
| Involvement of 5-HT7 receptors in serotonergic effects on spike afterpotentials in presumed jaw-closing motoneurons of rats. | 2002-11-08 |
|
| Spin trapping study of reactive oxygen species formation during bopindolol peroxidation. | 2002-10-15 |
|
| Antibody capture assay reveals bell-shaped concentration-response isotherms for h5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated Galpha(i3) activation: conformational selection by high-efficacy agonists, and relationship to trafficking of receptor signaling. | 2002-09 |
|
| [Pharmacology of beta blockers and their significance for therapy of hypertension]. | 2002-08 |
|
| [Reactions between dialkylamine drugs, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and acetaldehyde]. | 2002-08 |
|
| Serotonergic control of cerebellar mossy fiber activity by modulation of signal transfer by rat pontine nuclei neurons. | 2002-08 |
|
| Enantioselectivity in the steady-state pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of pindolol at delivery in pregnancy-induced hypertension. | 2002-08 |
|
| Melatonin potentiates 5-HT(1A) receptor activation in rat hypothalamus and results in hypothermia. | 2002-08 |
|
| Altered expression of autonomic neurotransmitter receptors and proliferative responses in lymphocytes from a chronic mild stress model of depression: effects of fluoxetine. | 2002-08 |
|
| Reconsideration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(7) receptor distribution using [(3)H]5-carboxamidotryptamine and [(3)H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetraline: analysis in brain of 5-HT(1A) knockout and 5-HT(1A/1B) double-knockout mice. | 2002-07 |
|
| Synthesis and evaluation of (S)-[18F]-fluoroethylcarazolol for in vivo beta-adrenoceptor imaging in the brain. | 2002-07 |
|
| 5-HT1A receptor blockade and the motivational profile of ethanol. | 2002-06-28 |
|
| The neuropharmacology of serotonin and noradrenaline in depression. | 2002-06 |
|
| [Effect of (+/-)-pindolol on the central 5-HT1A receptor by the use of in vivo microdialysis and hippocampal slice preparations]. | 2002-06 |
|
| Management of treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Algorithms for pharmacotherapy. | 2002-06 |
|
| Familial left ventricular hypertrabeculation in two blind brothers. | 2002-05-29 |
|
| Simultaneous determination of eight beta-blockers by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with combined ultraviolet and fluorescence detection in corneal permeability studies in vitro. | 2002-05-25 |
|
| Determination of bopindolol in pharmaceuticals by capillary isotachophoresis. | 2002-05-15 |
|
| Somatodendritic action of pindolol to attenuate the paroxetine-induced decrease in serotonin release from the rat ventral hippocampus: a microdialysis study. | 2002-05 |
|
| Direct determination of pindolol enantiomers in human serum by column-switching LC-MS/MS using a phenylcarbamate-beta-cyclodextrin chiral column. | 2002-04-01 |
|
| Specific labelling of serotonin 5-HT(1B) receptors in rat frontal cortex with the novel, phenylpiperazine derivative, [3H]GR125,743. A pharmacological characterization. | 2002-04 |
|
| Imaging the neurochemical brain in health and disease. | 2002-03-02 |
|
| Influence of monoamine oxidase A and serotonin receptor 2A polymorphisms in SSRI antidepressant activity. | 2002-03 |
|
| Pharmacokinetic scaling of pindolol in healthy volunteers after single dose oral administration. | 2002-03 |
|
| Copper(II) complexes of the beta-blocker pindolol: properties, structure, biological activity. | 2002-03 |
|
| Methiothepin attenuates gastric secretion and motility effects of vagal stimulants at the dorsal vagal complex. | 2002-02-01 |
|
| Screening drugs for metabolic stability using pulsed ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. | 2002-02 |
|
| Studies on the expression and function of beta-3-adrenoceptors in the colon of rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. | 2002-02 |
|
| Synthesis and evaluation of radiolabeled antagonists for imaging of beta-adrenoceptors in the brain with PET. | 2002-02 |
|
| Comparison of the affinity of beta-blockers for two states of the beta 1-adrenoceptor in ferret ventricular myocardium. | 2002-01 |
|
| PET-examination and metabolite evaluation in monkey of [(11)C]NAD-299, a radioligand for visualisation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor. | 2002-01 |
|
| Influence of various biological matrices (plasma, blood microdialysate) on chromatographic performance in the determination of beta-blockers using an alkyl-diol silica precolumn for sample clean-up. | 2001-12-25 |
|
| Imaging of beta-adrenoceptors in the human thorax using (S)-[(11)C]CGP12388 and positron emission tomography. | 2001-12-21 |
|
| Further characterization of beta3-adrenoceptors in the guinea pig gastric fundus: stereoselectivity, beta-adrenoceptor alkylation, and structure-activity relationship. | 2001-12 |
|
| Pindolol augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: PET evidence that the dose used in clinical trials is too low. | 2001-12 |
|
| No association between dopamine D(2) and D(4) receptor gene variants and antidepressant activity of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. | 2001-11-30 |
|
| Flesinoxan, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist/alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, lowers intraocular pressure in NZW rabbits. | 2001-08 |
|
| Management of treatment-refractory panic disorder. | 2001 |
|
| Partial agonistic properties of (+/-)-pindolol at atypical beta-adrenoceptors in the guinea pig gastric fundus. | 2001 |
|
| Effects of prindolol on isoproterenol-induced subendocardial ischaemia in dogs with multiple chronic coronary artery occlusion. | 1975-07 |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended initial dose of pindolol tablets is 5 mg b.i.d. alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. An antihypertensive response usually occurs within the first week of treatment. Maximal response, however, may take as long as or occasionally longer than 2 weeks. If a satisfactory reduction in blood pressure does not occur within 3 to 4 weeks, the dose may be adjusted in increments of 10 mg/day at these intervals up to a maximum of 60 mg/day.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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admin
on
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| Record UNII |
2XEX32G2GD
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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2XEX32G2GD
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