PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C12H14N2.2Cl
Molecular Weight	257.159
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[Cl-].[Cl-].C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C)C=C2

InChI

InChIKey=FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

InChI=1S/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C12H14N2
Molecular Weight	186.253
Charge	2
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	ClH
Molecular Weight	36.461
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Approval Year

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Transport of paraquat by human organic cation transporters and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family.	2007-08	17495125
Photodriven electron and energy transfer from a light-harvesting metallodendrimer.	2002-07-01	12079481
Heterology expression of the Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration response element binding factor 1 gene confers elevated tolerance to chilling and oxidative stresses in transgenic tomato.	2002-07	12114563
Characterization of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as a soluble fumarate reductase in Trypanosoma cruzi.	2002-07	12106873
Involvement of chloroplasts in the programmed death of plant cells.	2002-06	12126469
The plastidic 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin is a target for a thioredoxin involved in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against oxidative damage.	2002-06	12084836
Oxidative stress-induced cellular damage caused by UV and methyl viologen in Euglena gracilis and its suppression with rutin.	2002-06	12031812
Enhancement of biological reduction of hematite by electron shuttling and Fe(II) complexation.	2002-05-01	12026974
Tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase of Dehalospirillum multivorans: substrate specificity of the native enzyme and its corrinoid cofactor.	2002-05	11976751
Overexpression of VDUP1 mRNA sensitizes HeLa cells to paraquat.	2002-04-26	12054598
The energy source for CO2 transport in the marine microalga Nannochloris atomus.	2002-04	11941472
Escherichia coli aconitases and oxidative stress: post-transcriptional regulation of sodA expression.	2002-04	11932448
Serum SP-D is a marker of lung injury in rats.	2002-04	11880309
High-quality life extension by the enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase.	2002-03-05	11867705
Chemical predictors of wheeze among farmer pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.	2002-03-01	11874814
Evidence for through-framework electron transfer in intrazeolite photochemistry. Case of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and methylviologen in novel delaminated ITQ-2 zeolite.	2002-02-21	12120061
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the UV-B damage to the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.	2002-02	11849986
The herbicide paraquat causes up-regulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in mice: paraquat and alpha-synuclein.	2002-01-18	11707429
Paraquat-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction of the glutathione redox cycle in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.	2002-01-15	11814328
Strong electron-acceptor methylviologen dications confined in a 2D inorganic host: synthesis, structural characterization, charge transport and electrochemical properties of (MV)(0.25)V(2)O(5).	2002-01-09	11772045
[Effect of high magnesium ion concentration on the electron transport rate and proton exchange in thylakoid membranes in higher plants].	2002-01-05	11771281
Redox-switchable direction of photoinduced electron transfer in an Ru(bpy)3(2+)-viologen dyad.	2002-01-04	11822443
Designing membrane electrochemical reactors for oxidoreductase-catalysed synthesis.	2002-01	11786349
Functional analysis of novel multidrug transporters from human pathogens.	2001-12-21	11574548
Role of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on paraquat intoxication.	2001-12-18	11746186
NF kappa B and AP-1 mediate transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.	2001-12-01	11728812
Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the maize Cat2 gene have altered catalase levels that affect plant-pathogen interactions and resistance to oxidative stress.	2001-12	11817543
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin.	2001-12	11811539
Evidence for three distinct hydrogenase activities in Rhodospirillum rubrum.	2001-12	11778889
Assimilatory nitrate reductase from the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei: purification and characterisation.	2001-11-13	11731152
Mitochondrial electron transport is a key determinant of life span in Caenorhabditis elegans.	2001-11	11709184
Surfactant and corticosteroid effects on lung function in a rat model of acute lung injury.	2001-11	11700416
Modulation of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence by electrogenic events generated by photosystem I.	2001-11	11694397
Expression of MRP1 and related transporters in human lung cells in culture.	2001-10-05	11557130
Solar energy conversion by green microalgae: a photosystem for hydrogen peroxide production.	2001-09-20	11494222
Photoluminescent metal-sulfur clusters derived from tetrathiometalates: metal-to-metal charge-transfer excited states of d0-d10 heterobimetallic sulfido clusters with bulky phosphine ligands.	2001-09-17	11596942
Oxidative stress causes abnormal accumulation of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related mutant SOD1 in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.	2001-09-15	11590119
Oxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and DJ-1 on two-dimensional gels increased in response to sublethal levels of paraquat.	2001-09	11697128
Evaluation of methylmercury biotransformation using rat liver slices.	2001-09	11693180
Nonphotosynthetic reduction of the intersystem electron transport chain of chloroplasts following heat stress. The pool size of stromal reductants.	2001-09	11594058
Cationic dye-sensitized degradation of sodium hyaluronate through photoinduced electron transfer in the upper excited state.	2001-09	11594048
Isoprenoid biosynthesis. Metabolite profiling of peppermint oil gland secretory cells and application to herbicide target analysis.	2001-09	11553758
Synthesis and liquid membrane transport properties of photolabile molecular clips based on dithiane-spiro-crown ethers.	2001-08-23	11506596
EPR investigation of the free radicals generated during the photosensitization of TiO2 colloid by hypocrellin B.	2001-08	11697194
A cost of reproduction: oxidative stress susceptibility is associated with increased egg production in Drosophila melanogaster.	2001-08	11602209
Low-activity allele of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in Drosophila increases paraquat genotoxicity but does not affect near UV radiation damage.	2001-08	11550893
Inhibition of photosystems I and II and enhanced back flow of photosystem I electrons in cucumber leaf discs chilled in the light.	2001-08	11522910
Dependence of excitotoxic neurodegeneration on mitochondrial aconitase inactivation.	2001-08	11520895
Isolation and characterization of Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Y51 capable of efficient dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene and polychloroethanes.	2001-07	11515528
Glutathione peroxidase-1 gene knockout on body antioxidant defense in mice.	2001	11568445

Patents

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:48:59 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:48:59 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	2KZ83GSS73
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE

Common Name

English

NSC-263500

Preferred Name

English

NSC-88126

Code

English

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE [ISO]

Common Name

English

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

EPA PESTICIDE CODE

61601