GALACTOSE MONOHYDRATE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C6H12O6.H2O
Molecular Weight	198.1712
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O

InChI

InChIKey=SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-NQZVPSPJSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H12O6.H2O/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8;/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2;1H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C6H12O6
Molecular Weight	180.1559
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Molecular Formula	H2O
Molecular Weight	18.0153
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001656 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02955264 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00816504 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997537

Galactose, a monosaccharide sugar, is a key source of energy and is an important compound for early human development. Galactose is present in dairy products, the pectin of some fruits, vegetables, and some herbs. Children get most of their dietary galactose from milk. D-galactose is freely available in health food stores and is promoted for stimulating the immune system and improving gut motility in healthy individuals. Galactose as a part of food supplement participates in phase II of clinical trials for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) patients. CDG is a group of more than 130 inborn errors of metabolism affecting N-linked, O-linked protein and lipid-linked glycosylation. In addition, monosaccharide is used in clinical trials phase I in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), where the galactose lowers the level of a circulating factors that increase glomerular permeability to albumin in patients with resistant FSGS.

Approval Year

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Characterization of three members of murine alpha1,2-fucosyltransferases: change in the expression of the Se gene in the intestine of mice after administration of microbes.	2001 Apr 15	11368156
Activity of fucosyltransferases and altered glycosylation in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.	2001 Aug	11530206
The fucosylated histo-blood group antigens H type 2 (blood group O, CD173) and Lewis Y (CD174) are expressed on CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors but absent on mature lymphocytes.	2001 Aug	11479278
Identification of a missense mutation (G329A;Arg(110)--> GLN) in the human FUT7 gene.	2001 Aug 24	11404359
Synthesis and evaluation of novel fluorogenic substrates for the detection of bacterial beta-galactosidase.	2001 Dec	11851821
Characterization of a family of Arabidopsis genes related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferase1.	2001 Dec	11743104
Cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase homologues from Arabidopsis thaliana.	2001 Jul 2	11420147
Transfection of the c-erbB2/neu gene upregulates the expression of sialyl Lewis X, alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase VII, and metastatic potential in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line.	2001 Jun	11422380
Role of the Lewis(x) glycan determinant in corneal epithelial cell adhesion and differentiation.	2001 Jun 15	11278542
Molecular cloning, genomic mapping, and expression of two secretor blood group alpha (1,2)fucosyltransferase genes differentially regulated in mouse uterine epithelium and gastrointestinal tract.	2001 Jun 29	11323419
fucosyltransferase1 and H-type complex carbohydrates modulate epithelial cell proliferation during prostatic branching morphogenesis.	2001 May 1	11319860
2.8-A crystal structure of a nontoxic type-II ribosome-inactivating protein, ebulin l.	2001 May 15	11288182
Picogram cloning and direct in situ sequencing of DNA from gel pieces.	2001 Oct	11680711
Polymorphism and distribution of the Secretor alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene in various Taiwanese populations.	2001 Oct	11606829
Cloned pigs generated from cultured skin fibroblasts derived from a H-transferase transgenic boar.	2001 Oct	11553917
IL-12, STAT4-dependent up-regulation of CD4(+) T cell core 2 beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, an enzyme essential for biosynthesis of P-selectin ligands.	2001 Oct 15	11591774
Polymorphism of the human ABO-Secretor locus (FUT2) in four populations in Asia: indication of distinct Asian subpopulations.	2001 Sep	11806852
Production of soluble human alpha3-fucosyltransferase (FucT VII) by membrane targeting and in vivo proteolysis.	2001 Sep	11555615
Polymorphisms of two fucosyltransferase genes (Lewis and Secretor genes) involving type I Lewis antigens are associated with the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody.	2001 Sep	11535550
Partial identification by site-directed mutagenesis of a cell growth inhibitory site on the human galectin-1 molecule.	2002	11846886
IgG plasma cells display a unique spectrum of leukocyte adhesion and homing molecules.	2002 Apr 15	11929781
Synthesis and evaluation of transition-state analogue inhibitors of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase.	2002 Aug 16	12203452
The alpha (1,3)-fucosyltransferase Fuc-TIV, but not Fuc-TVII, generates sialyl Lewis X-like epitopes preferentially on glycolipids.	2002 Dec 6	12359718
Two glycosylation alterations of mouse intestinal mucins due to infection caused by the parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.	2002 Jan	12652082
The cytosolic and transmembrane domains of the beta 1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) function as a cis to medial/Golgi-targeting determinant.	2002 Jan	11825883
Fuc-TIX: a versatile alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase with a distinct acceptor- and site-specificity profile.	2002 Jun	12107078
Absorption of anti-blood group A antibodies on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/immunoglobulin chimeras carrying blood group A determinants: core saccharide chain specificity of the Se and H gene encoded alpha1,2 fucosyltransferases in different host cells.	2002 Mar	11971861
Isolation of a SIR-like gene, SIR-T8, that is overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma cell lines and tissues.	2002 Mar 18	11953824
Inhibitory effect of stevioside on tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.	2002 Nov	12419967
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from individuals carrying the G329A mutation in the alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase VII gene (FUT7) roll on E- and P-selectins.	2002 Oct 1	12244194
Leukocyte rolling velocities and migration are optimized by cooperative L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 functions.	2002 Oct 15	12370391
Enzyme kinetics, substitutable resources and competition: from biochemistry to frequency-dependent selection in lac.	2002 Sep	12242256
Expression levels of FUT6 gene transfected into human colon carcinoma cells switch two sialyl-Lewis X-related carbohydrate antigens with distinct properties in cell adhesion.	2003 Apr 11	12670495
Campylobacter jejuni binds intestinal H(O) antigen (Fuc alpha 1, 2Gal beta 1, 4GlcNAc), and fucosyloligosaccharides of human milk inhibit its binding and infection.	2003 Apr 18	12562767
C-terminal amino acids of Helicobacter pylori alpha1,3/4 fucosyltransferases determine type I and type II transfer.	2003 Jun 13	12676935
Immunobiological features of the galactoside lectin L-Lc isolated from the Argentine mistletoe Ligaria cuneifolia.	2003 Mar	12576206

Patents

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 08:53:40 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 08:53:40 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	2C22T7DYYR
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

GALACTOSE MONOHYDRATE

Systematic Name

English

D-GALACTOSE, MONOHYDRATE

Systematic Name

English

D-GALACTOSE MONOHYDRATE [MI]

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

DAILYMED

2C22T7DYYR