Centanafadine is an oral triple reuptake inhibitor that has been developed by DOV Pharmaceutical as a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Centanafadine works by modulating the activity of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, three neurotransmitters known to be relevant in patients with ADHD. In the human abuse liability study, immediate-release centanafadine demonstrated a reduced abuse potential compared with the schedule II stimulants d-amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine. Treatment with high doses of immediate-release centanafadine resulted in a markedly different profile than that of the comparators, with most subjects experiencing the acute onset of adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, and dysphoria. Almost 2 hours after the administration of centanafadine, the test subjects reported “liking” at about two-thirds of the magnitude of amphetamines, a finding that may have indicated dopamine activity. However, unlike amphetamines, which provided an immediate positive experience, the subjects receiving centanafadine experienced negative effects before reaching that point.