U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C13H8Cl2N2O4.H2O
Molecular Weight 345.135
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE

SMILES

O.OC1=C(C=C(Cl)C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2Cl)[N+]([O-])=O

InChI

InChIKey=ZBXRPLQCPHTHLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C13H8Cl2N2O4.H2O/c14-7-1-4-12(18)9(5-7)13(19)16-11-3-2-8(17(20)21)6-10(11)15;/h1-6,18H,(H,16,19);1H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C13H8Cl2N2O4
Molecular Weight 327.12
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula H2O
Molecular Weight 18.0153
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/mmx/niclosamide.html

Niclosamide is an antihelminth used against tapeworm infections. It may act by the uncoupling of the electron transport chain to ATP synthase. The disturbance of this crucial metabolic pathway prevents creation of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), an essential molecule that supplies energy for metabolism. Niclosamide works by killing tapeworms on contact. Adult worms (but not ova) are rapidly killed, presumably due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase activity. The killed worms are then passed in the stool or sometimes destroyed in the intestine. Niclosamide may work as a molluscicide by binding to and damaging DNA. Niclosamide is used for the treatment of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections: Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm), Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal fluke). Niclosamide is also used as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis. Niclosamide was marketed under the trade name Niclocide, now discontinued.

Originator

Curator's Comment: developed by Bayer and first marketed in 1962 # Bayer

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
NICLOCIDE

Approved Use

Diphyllobothriasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of diphyllobothriasis caused by Diphyllobothrium latum (broad or fish tapeworm). Hymenolepiasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and [H. diminuta (rat tapeworm)] . Taeniasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and [T. solium (pork tapeworm)] . [Dipylidiasis (treatment)]—Niclosamide is used in the treatment of dipylidiasis caused by Dipylidium caninum (dog and cat tapeworm).

Launch Date

1982
Curative
NICLOCIDE

Approved Use

Diphyllobothriasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of diphyllobothriasis caused by Diphyllobothrium latum (broad or fish tapeworm). Hymenolepiasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and [H. diminuta (rat tapeworm)] . Taeniasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and [T. solium (pork tapeworm)] . [Dipylidiasis (treatment)]—Niclosamide is used in the treatment of dipylidiasis caused by Dipylidium caninum (dog and cat tapeworm).

Launch Date

1982
Curative
NICLOCIDE

Approved Use

Diphyllobothriasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of diphyllobothriasis caused by Diphyllobothrium latum (broad or fish tapeworm). Hymenolepiasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and [H. diminuta (rat tapeworm)] . Taeniasis (treatment)—Niclosamide is indicated in the treatment of taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and [T. solium (pork tapeworm)] . [Dipylidiasis (treatment)]—Niclosamide is used in the treatment of dipylidiasis caused by Dipylidium caninum (dog and cat tapeworm).

Launch Date

1982
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.665 μg/mL
2 g single, oral
dose: 2 g
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
NICLOSAMIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
1000 mg 3 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M
Sources:
DLT: Nausea, Vomiting...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Nausea (grade 3, 2 patients)
Vomiting (grade 3, 2 patients)
Diarrhea (grade 3, 2 patients)
Colitis (grade 3, 2 patients)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Colitis grade 3, 2 patients
DLT
1000 mg 3 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M
Sources:
Diarrhea grade 3, 2 patients
DLT
1000 mg 3 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M
Sources:
Nausea grade 3, 2 patients
DLT
1000 mg 3 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M
Sources:
Vomiting grade 3, 2 patients
DLT
1000 mg 3 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 1000 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M
Sources:
OverviewDrug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Multi-residue determination of phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics and related compounds in bovine kidney by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2009-11-13
Halogenated pesticide transformation by a laccase-mediator system.
2009-10
A novel method for oral delivery of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides synthesized from all L-amino acids.
2009-08
Drug discovery for schistosomiasis: hit and lead compounds identified in a library of known drugs by medium-throughput phenotypic screening.
2009-07-14
Connectivity sustains disease transmission in environments with low potential for endemicity: modelling schistosomiasis with hydrologic and social connectivities.
2009-06-06
Diphyllobothrium latum identified by capsule endoscopy--an unusual cause of iron-deficiency anemia.
2009-06
The autonomous notch signal pathway is activated by baicalin and baicalein but is suppressed by niclosamide in K562 cells.
2009-03-01
Spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1st International Symposium on Geospatial Health in Lijiang, China, 2007.
2009-02-04
A retrospective analysis of prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among school children in the Palajunoj Valley of Guatemala.
2009-02
Taenia solium cysticercosis hotspots surrounding tapeworm carriers: clustering on human seroprevalence but not on seizures.
2009
Potential of some monoterpenoids and their new N-methyl carbamate derivatives against Schistosomiasis snail vector, Biomphalaria alexandrina.
2008-11
Harnessing the wealth of Chinese scientific literature: schistosomiasis research and control in China.
2008-09-30
[Snail control by using soil pasting mixed with niclosamide].
2008-08
Efficacy of temperature, and two commonly used molluscicides and fertilizers on Fasciola gigantica eggs.
2008-08
A novel molluscicidal formulation of niclosamide.
2008-07
Hymenolepis diminuta: mitochondrial transhydrogenase as an additional site for anaerobic phosphorylation.
2008-05
[Human infection due to Bertiella sp (cestode: Anoplocephalidae) in a man originating from Yemen in Algeria].
2008-04
In vitro trypanocidal activity of the anti-helminthic drug niclosamide.
2008-04
Voltammetric Behavior of o-Nitrophenol and Damage to DNA.
2008-03
Successful treatment of niclosamide- and praziquantel-resistant beef tapeworm infection with nitazoxanide.
2008-01
Tribendimidine and albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis and Taenia spp.: open-label randomized trial.
2008
Effect of niclosamide on the tegumental surface of Haplorchis taichui using scanning electron microscopy.
2007-12
[Study on molluscicidal effect of chlorosalicylicamide].
2007-10
Taeniasis and its socio-economic implication in Awassa town and its surroundings, Southern Ethiopia.
2007-10
Sympatric occurrence of Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica, Thailand.
2007-09
Community acceptability of the use of low-dose niclosamide (Bayluscide), as a molluscicide in the control of human schistosomiasis in Sahelian Cameroon.
2007-09
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
2007-08-23
A studies on chemical control of S. mansoni intermediate host.
2007-08-01
Large water management projects and schistosomiasis control, Dongting Lake region, China.
2007-07
Cream formulations protecting against cercarial dermatitis by Trichobilharzia.
2007-06
5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate as an indicator of Caenorhabditis elegans viability for the development of an in vitro anthelmintic drug assay.
2007-03-30
[Study on molluscicidal effect of the extracts from sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba].
2007-02-28
Lower-rim substituted calixarenes and their applications.
2007
Influence of certain fertilizers on the activity of some molluscicides against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Lymnaea natalensis snails.
2006-12
[Cleaning and molluscicide treatment for schistosomiasis control].
2006-10-14
[A study on the effect of Oncomelania hupensis hupensiss killed with niclosamide in China].
2006-08
Synthesis of furo-salicylanilides and their heterocyclic derivatives with anticipated molluscicidal activity.
2006-08
[Synergic effects of synthesis arecoline in combination with snail-killing drugs niclosamide].
2006-07
Prioritizing genomic drug targets in pathogens: application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2006-06-09
Field trials of low dose Bayluscide on snail hosts of schistosome and selected non-target organisms in sahelian Cameroon.
2006-06
Potential antivirals and antiviral strategies against SARS coronavirus infections.
2006-04
Catalysis of NADH-->NADP+ transhydrogenation by adult Hymenolepis diminuta mitochondria.
2006-02
[Case report: taeniasis, is it a cause of psychiatric and neural symptoms?].
2006
Role of chemotherapy of taeniasis in prevention of neurocysticercosis.
2006
Impact of certain plants and synthetic molluscicides on some fresh water snails and fish.
2005-12
Comparison of the aqueous solubilization of practically insoluble niclosamide by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and cyclodextrins.
2005-11-04
Effect of 4-sulphonato-calix[n]arenes and cyclodextrins on the solubilization of niclosamide, a poorly water soluble anthelmintic.
2005-09-02
Taeniasis and cysticercosis in housemaids working in affluent neighborhoods in Lima, Peru.
2005-09
[Treatment of intestinal helminthiasis with albendazole].
2005-06-30
Residues of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol and niclosamide in muscle tissue of rainbow trout.
2005-06-29
Patents

Patents

Sample Use Guides

Adults—2 grams as a single dose. Treatment may be repeated in seven days if needed.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Niclosamide (0.2 ug/ml) was effective against Diplozoon paradoxum after an exposure of 90 min and 45 min in vitro.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
Record UNII
20Z25R1145
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
Preferred Name English
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE
EP   MART.   WHO-DD   WHO-IP  
Common Name English
2',5-DICHLORO-4'-NITROSALICYLANILIDE MONOHYDRATE
Systematic Name English
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
5-CHLORO-N-(2-CHLORO-4-NITROPHENYL)-2-HYDROXYBENZAMIDE MONOHYDRATE
Systematic Name English
BENZAMIDE, 5-CHLORO-N-(2-CHLORO-4-NITROPHENYL)-2-HYDROXY-, HYDRATE (1:1)
Systematic Name English
Niclosamide monohydrate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE [MART.]
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
NICLOSAMIDE MONOHYDRATE
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Description: A cream-coloured, crystalline powder; odourless. Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in 150 parts of ethanol (~750 g/L) TS; slightly soluble in ether R and acetone R. Category: Taeniacide. Storage: Niclosamide should be kept in a tightly closed container. Labelling: The designation on the container of Niclosamide should state whether the substance is the monohydrate or is in theanhydrous form.Additional information: Anhydrous Niclosamide is hygroscopic. Niclosamide monohydrate may exhibit polymorphism. Definition: Niclosamide contains not less than 98.0% and not more than 100.5% of C13H8Cl2N2O4, calculated with reference tothe dried substance.
CAS
73360-56-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB12175MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID70223608
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000079592
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
12296604
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
20Z25R1145
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 19:26:57 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY