SUPEROXIDES

First marketed in 1868

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	-1

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=[O-]

InChI

InChIKey=MXDZWXWHPVATGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2/c1-2/q-1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183 | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0

Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8. Diatomic oxygen constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. Diatomic oxygen is used by complex life forms such as animals, in cellular respiration. Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anaesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe haemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma; to aid the resuscitation of the critically ill, when the circulation is impaired; to aid in neonatal resuscitation; to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with cluster headache.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
aerobic respiration 4 Target ID: GO:0009060 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Acute myocardial infarction 37 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Normobaric oxygen is widely recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The randomized phase 3 clinical trial, however, did not demonstrate reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality compared to ambient air group.
Acute ischemic stroke 19 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.
Cluster headache 10 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with a cluster headache.
Carbon monoxide intoxication 2 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Enhanced responsiveness of the myocardial beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system in the perfused rat heart (I).	1998 Oct	10192281
Heart block after induction of anesthesia in a child.	1999 Aug	10497454
Hypoxic upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression is paralleled, but not induced, by increased generation of reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells.	1999 Aug 20	10486562
Increase in extracellular glutatione peroxidase in plasma and lungs of mice exposed to hyperoxia.	1999 Dec	10590029
Analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling during physiological hypoxia reveals lack of competition for the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator transcription factor.	1999 Dec	10570039
Clara cell secretory protein-deficient mice differ from wild-type mice in inflammatory chemokine expression to oxygen and ozone, but not to endotoxin.	1999 Jan-Feb	10027076
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: development and clinical potential.	1999 Mar	10036348
The use of hyperbaric oxygen in urology.	1999 Sep	10458334
Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in transcriptional activation of ceruloplasmin by iron deficiency.	2000 Jul 14	10777486
Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure.	2000 Mar	10713010
Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta after prolonged hypoxia in vivo.	2000 Mar 31	10747003
Regulation of endothelin-1 gene expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by hypoxia and cobalt: role of hypoxia responsive element.	2000 May	10939628
Nitric oxide inhibits dioxin action for the stimulation of Cyp1a1 promoter activity.	2000 May	10823667
Ablation of tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (p55) alters oxygen-induced lung injury.	2000 May	10781441
GLUT-1 reduces hypoxia-induced apoptosis and JNK pathway activation.	2000 May	10780954
Neurons and astrocytes express EPO mRNA: oxygen-sensing mechanisms that involve the redox-state of the brain.	2000 May	10756076
Repression of heme oxygenase-1 by hypoxia in vascular endothelial cells.	2000 May 19	10814519
Inhibitory effect of YC-1 on the hypoxic induction of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in Hep3B cells.	2001 Apr 15	11286986
Phosphorylation of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase in hypoxia.	2001 Apr 27	11278616
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase.	2001 Aug 28	11524388
Resveratrol inhibits interleukin-6 production in cortical mixed glial cells under hypoxia/hypoglycemia followed by reoxygenation.	2001 Jan 1	11108930
Hyperoxia inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.	2001 Jan 5	11034997
NADPH oxidase(s): new source(s) of reactive oxygen species in the vascular system?	2002 Aug	12147646
Inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I attenuate the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during hypoxia in Hep3B cells.	2002 May	12062197
Control of the hypoxic response in Drosophila melanogaster by the basic helix-loop-helix PAS protein similar.	2002 Oct	12215541
Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid. Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol, and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H(2)O(2).	2002 Oct 25	12192006
Vascular endothelial growth factor in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome: evidence for antecedent hypoxia.	2003 Feb	12563064
Redox regulation of HIF-1alpha levels and HO-1 expression in renal medullary interstitial cells.	2003 Jun	12595275
Heliox vs air-oxygen mixtures for the treatment of patients with acute asthma: a systematic overview.	2003 Mar	12628892
The cellular oxygen tension regulates expression of the endoplasmic oxidoreductase ERO1-Lalpha.	2003 May	12752442

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Medical oxygen is administered by inhalation through the lungs. The major exception is when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary by-pass system. For a cluster headache, oxygen should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of the attack, via a non-rebreathing facemask at a flow of 6 to 12 l/min for approximately 15 minutes.

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 09:11:37 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 09:11:37 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	0S9K0E25FL
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

SUPEROXIDES

Common Name

English

SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICAL

Common Name

English

HYPEROXIDE

Common Name

English

OXYGEN (O2-)

Common Name

English

SUPEROXIDE

Common Name

English

DIOXYGEN ANION RADICAL

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C1421