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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C10H11ClO3.C8H11NO3
Molecular Weight 383.823
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PYRIDOXINE CLOFIBRATE

SMILES

CC1=C(O)C(CO)=C(CO)C=N1.CC(C)(OC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=XHNQLDLSWAXHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H11ClO3.C8H11NO3/c1-10(2,9(12)13)14-8-5-3-7(11)4-6-8;1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h3-6H,1-2H3,(H,12,13);2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C10H11ClO3
Molecular Weight 214.646
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula C8H11NO3
Molecular Weight 169.1778
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Clofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used to lower cholesterol and triglyceride (fat-like substances) levels in the blood. This may help prevent medical problems caused by such substances clogging the blood vessels. However, this treatment was discontinued in 2002 due to adverse effects. Clofibrate is an agonist of the PPAR-α receptor in muscle, liver, and other tissues. This agonism ultimately leads to modification in gene expression resulting in increased beta-oxidation, decreased triglyceride secretion, increased HDL, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Clofibrate increased the activity of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LL), thereby increasing lipoprotein triglyceride lipolysis, inhibited the synthesis, and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL. In addition, clofibrate was investigated as a novel therapy agent in multiple myeloma and it shown the promising results.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
50.0 µM [EC50]
Target ID: Q7RTX0
Gene ID: 83756.0
Gene Symbol: TAS1R3
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
28.0 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ATROMID-S

Approved Use

Unknown

Launch Date

1967
Primary
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
216 μg/mL
100 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 100 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: NEWBORN
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
30649 μg × h/mL
100 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 100 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: NEWBORN
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
103.1 h
100 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 100 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: NEWBORN
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer






Drug as perpetrator​
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-null mice lack resistance to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity following clofibrate exposure.
2000 Oct
[A 50-year history of new drugs in Japan: the developments and trends of antihyperlipidemic drugs].
2001
[Fibrate influence on lipids and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome].
2001
Use of isotopes and LC-MS-ESI-TOF for mechanistic studies of tienilic acid metabolic activation.
2001
The syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay: review of the methods and results.
2001
[Necrotizing myopathies].
2001
Use of real-time gene-specific polymerase chain reaction to measure RNA expression of three family members of rat cytochrome P450 4A.
2001
Characterization of clofibrate-induced retrograde Golgi membrane movement to the endoplasmic reticulum: clofibrate distinguishes the Golgi from the trans Golgi network.
2001 Aug
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonist, WY-14,643, increased transcription of myosin light chain-2 in cardiomyocytes.
2001 Dec
Molecular cloning and regulation of expression of two novel mouse CYP4F genes: expression in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-deficient mice upon lipopolysaccharide and clofibrate challenges.
2001 Feb
Stimulatory effect of clofibrate and gemfibrozil administration on the formation of fatty acid esters of estradiol by rat liver microsomes.
2001 Jan
Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and clofibrate on chicken stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 gene expression.
2001 Jan 12
Unique gene expression patterns in liver and kidney associated with exposure to chemical toxicants.
2001 Jun
Three-dimensional high voltage electron microscopy of thick biological specimens.
2001 Jun
Contribution of CYP1A2 in the hepatic metabolism of melatonin: studies with isolated microsomal preparations and liver slices.
2001 Nov
Autoantibodies to lipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
2001 Oct
Troglitazone suppresses the secretion of type I collagen by mesangial cells in vitro.
2002 Apr
Role of hypolipidemic drug clofibrate in altering iron regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2 activities and hepatic iron metabolism in rats fed a low-iron diet.
2002 Apr 15
Effects of fatty acids on mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzyme gene expression in renal cell lines.
2002 Aug
Eighth World Congress of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, 28 October-1 November 2001, Sydney, Australia: Harm minimization and effective risk management.
2002 Feb
Topical peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha activators reduce inflammation in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis models.
2002 Jan
Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARalpha/RXRalpha and decrease the transactivation of NFkappaB.
2002 Jan 11
Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha) reduce myocardial infarct size.
2002 Jul
PPARgamma ligands suppress proliferation of human urothelial basal cells in vitro.
2002 Jun
Prediction of compound signature using high density gene expression profiling.
2002 Jun
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists on LPS-induced neuronal death in mixed cortical neurons: associated with iNOS and COX-2.
2002 Jun 21
Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonists on the intracellular turnover and secretion of apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 and ApoB-48.
2002 Jun 21
Potentiation of TNF-alpha-stimulated group IIA phospholipase A(2) expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators in rat mesangial cells.
2002 Mar
Effect of clofibrate administration on the esterification and deesterification of steroid hormones by liver and extrahepatic tissues in rats.
2002 Mar 1
Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with lipid-lowering drugs.
2002 Mar 10
Clofibrate-induced relocation of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein to mitochondria in endothelial cells.
2002 Mar 10
Getting a GRIP on liprins.
2002 Mar 28
Blunted induction of hepatic CYP4A in TNF (p55-/-/p75-/-) double receptor knockout mice following clofibrate treatment.
2002 May
Activation of the immune system and inflammatory activity in relation to markers of atherothrombotic disease and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.
2002 May
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
For oral dosage form (capsules): for high cholesterol: adults—1.5 to 2 grams a day. This is divided into two to four doses. Children—Dose must be determined by doctor.
Route of Administration: Oral
The antitumor apoptotic effect of clofibrate at doses ranging from 0.1-600 μM was investigated on four human and one murine myeloma cell lines, as well as in two human lymphoma cell lines, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay. Clofibrate significantly reduced cell viability in all tested myeloma and lymphoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, while healthy cells were hardly affected.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
Record UNII
097241263Y
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
PYRIDOXINE CLOFIBRATE
Common Name English
CLOFIBRIC ACID PYRIDOXINE SALT
MI  
Common Name English
CLOFIBRIC ACID PYRIDOXINE SALT [MI]
Common Name English
PROPANOIC ACID, 2-(4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-2-METHYL-, COMPD. WITH 5-HYDROXY-6-METHYL-3,4-PYRIDINEDIMETHANOL (1:1)
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
MERCK INDEX
m3641
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
249-971-4
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
097241263Y
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
83846
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
C009124
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID80184059
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
29952-87-2
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 01:25:43 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
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