Cariporide is a selective sodium-hydrogen antiporter inhibitor patented by a pharmaceutical company Hoechst A.-G. for treatment myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The sodium-hydrogen exchanger is an important player in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The accumulation of hydrogen ions in the myocyte cytosol; during ischemia creates a proton gradient that promotes the efflux of hydrogen ions in exchange for the influx of sodium ions. This sodium buildup can secondary activates the sodium-calcium exchanger to operate in the reverse mode, resulting in a net calcium accumulation in myocyte cytosol, which leads to dysfunction and cell death. By inhibiting sodium-hydrogen exchange, Cariporide can prevent the accumulation of calcium in the cytosol, therefore reduce the infarct size. In clinical trials, Cariporide shows a statistically significant decline in myocardial infarction but increases mortality. Due to the increase in mortality, cariporide did not pass clinical trials.