Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C9H12N5O4.Na |
Molecular Weight | 277.2124 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2COC(CO)CO)C(=O)[N-]1
InChI
InChIKey=JJICLMJFIKGAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C9H13N5O4.Na/c10-9-12-7-6(8(17)13-9)11-3-14(7)4-18-5(1-15)2-16;/h3,5,15-16H,1-2,4H2,(H3,10,12,13,17);/q;+1/p-1
Molecular Formula | C9H12N5O4 |
Molecular Weight | 254.2227 |
Charge | -1 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Molecular Formula | Na |
Molecular Weight | 22.9898 |
Charge | 1 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16305999http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021304s008,022257s003lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/019661s030lbl.pdfCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valganciclovir-hydrochloride.html | http://www.rxlist.com/valcyte-drug/indications-dosage.htm
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16305999http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021304s008,022257s003lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/019661s030lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valganciclovir-hydrochloride.html | http://www.rxlist.com/valcyte-drug/indications-dosage.htm
Ganciclovir is a synthetic acyclic nucleoside analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine active against cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir has been shown to be active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in humans. To achieve anti-CMV activity, ganciclovir is phosphorylated first to the monophosphate form by a CMV-encoded (UL97 gene) protein kinase homologue, then to the di- and triphosphate forms by cellular kinases. Ganciclovir triphosphate concentrations may be 100-fold greater in CMV-infected than in uninfected cells, indicating preferential phosphorylation in infected cells. Ganciclovir triphosphate, once formed, persists for days in the CMV-infected cell. Ganciclovir triphosphate is believed to inhibit viral DNA synthesis by (1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerases; and (2) incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in eventual termination of viral DNA elongation. Ganciclovir is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis.
Originator
Sources: https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19960131&CC=EP&NR=0694547A2&KC=A2http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2450/15/15_chapter%204.pdf
Curator's Comment: The first synthesis of ganciclovir was reported by Julien Verheyden and John Martin at Syntex Research in California in 1980 and is marketed as sodium salt (Ganciclovir sodium) under the trade names Cytovene and Cymevene.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P08546 Gene ID: NA Gene Symbol: UL54 Target Organism: Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3414 |
0.08 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | ZIRGAN Approved UseZIRGAN is a topical ophthalmic antiviral that is indicated for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis (dendritic ulcers). Launch Date8.1362878E11 |
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Primary | CYTOVENE Approved UseCYTOVENE-IV is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CYTOVENE-IV is also indicated for the prevention of CMV disease in transplant recipients at risk for CMV disease. Launch Date7.8805441E11 |
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Primary | VALCYTE Approved UseVALCYTE is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Launch Date9.8573759E11 |
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Primary | VALCYTE Approved UseVALCYTE is indicated for the prevention of CMV disease in kidney, heart, and kidney-pancreas transplant patients at high risk Launch Date9.8573759E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.8 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10747829 |
1 g 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GANCICLOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
13.3 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737936 |
5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
GANCICLOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
35.4 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10747829 |
1 g 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
GANCICLOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
53.8 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737936 |
5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
GANCICLOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.2 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737936 |
5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
GANCICLOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1000 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 6 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 37.4 n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: AIDS Age Group: 37.4 Population Size: 19 Sources: |
|
2000 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 38.6 n = 50 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 38.6 Population Size: 50 Sources: |
Other AEs: Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia... Other AEs: Neutropenia (18%) Sources: Thrombocytopenia (4%) Anemia (severe, 4%) Renal impairment (4%) |
50 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 50 mg/kg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg/kg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7.4 years (range: 0.5-16.9 years) n = 36 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 7.4 years (range: 0.5-16.9 years) Population Size: 36 Sources: |
Other AEs: Neutropenia... |
5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Other AEs: Fever, Infection... Other AEs: Fever (48%) Sources: Infection (13%) Chills (10%) Sepsis (15%) Diarrhea (44%) Anorexia (14%) Vomiting (13%) Leukopenia (41%) Anemia (25%) Thrombocytopenia (6%) Neuropathy (9%) Sweating (12%) Pruritus (5%) Catheter infection (9%) Catheter sepsis (8%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Neutropenia | 18% | 2000 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 38.6 n = 50 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 38.6 Population Size: 50 Sources: |
Renal impairment | 4% | 2000 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 38.6 n = 50 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 38.6 Population Size: 50 Sources: |
Thrombocytopenia | 4% | 2000 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 38.6 n = 50 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 38.6 Population Size: 50 Sources: |
Anemia | severe, 4% | 2000 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2000 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 38.6 n = 50 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 38.6 Population Size: 50 Sources: |
Neutropenia | 22% | 50 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 50 mg/kg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg/kg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7.4 years (range: 0.5-16.9 years) n = 36 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: 7.4 years (range: 0.5-16.9 years) Population Size: 36 Sources: |
Chills | 10% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Sweating | 12% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Infection | 13% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Vomiting | 13% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Anorexia | 14% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Sepsis | 15% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Anemia | 25% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Leukopenia | 41% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Diarrhea | 44% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Fever | 48% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Pruritus | 5% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Thrombocytopenia | 6% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Catheter sepsis | 8% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Catheter infection | 9% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Neuropathy | 9% | 5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Recommended Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 179 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: CMV retinitis in HIV infection Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 179 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777050/ |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Design and SAR study of a novel class of nucleotide analogues as potent anti-HCMV agents. | 1999 Apr-May |
|
Structure-activity relationships of L-dioxolane uracil nucleosides as anti-Epstein Barr virus agents. | 1999 Jun 17 |
|
The cyclohexene ring system as a furanose mimic: synthesis and antiviral activity of both enantiomers of cyclohexenylguanine. | 2000 Feb 24 |
|
A novel peptide aldehyde with activity against human cytomegalovirus in two different in vivo models. | 2000 Jan |
|
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of halogenated beta-D- and -L-erythrofuranosylbenzimidazoles. | 2000 Jun 15 |
|
Thienothiadiazine 2,2-dioxide acyclonucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity. | 2000 May |
|
Prophylaxis against herpesvirus infections in transplant recipients. | 2001 |
|
Pharmacokinetics of the ganciclovir implant in the silicone-filled eye. | 2001 |
|
Risk for cytomegalovirus disease in patients receiving polymerase chain reaction-based preemptive antiviral therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation depends on transplantation modality. | 2001 Apr 1 |
|
Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy for thyroid carcinoma using thymidine kinase controlled by thyroglobulin promoter demonstrates high specificity and low toxicity. | 2001 Feb |
|
Conditional abatement of tissue fibrosis using nucleoside analogs to selectively corrupt DNA replication in transgenic fibroblasts. | 2001 Feb |
|
Preemptive ganciclovir for CMV viremia in liver transplantation. | 2001 Feb-Mar |
|
Is preemptive therapy for CMV infection following liver transplantation superior to symptom-triggered treatment? | 2001 Feb-Mar |
|
Cytomegalovirus infection-enhanced chronic rejection in the rat is prevented by antiviral prophylaxis. | 2001 Feb-Mar |
|
Ganciclovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. | 2001 Feb-Mar |
|
Rat glioma cell death induced by cationic liposome-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene followed by ganciclovir treatment. | 2001 Jan |
|
Targeting the replication of adenovirus to p53-defective thyroid carcinoma with a p53-regulated Cre/loxP system. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Gene therapy for colorectal cancer]. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Perspectives on postgenome medicine: Gene therapy for brain tumors]. | 2001 Jan |
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In vitro effects of antiviral agents on human keratocytes. | 2001 Jan |
|
Management of complications associated with totally implantable ports in patients with AIDS. | 2001 Jan |
|
Isolation and analysis of an aciclovir-resistant murine cytomegalovirus mutant. | 2001 Jan |
|
Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumour-selective suicide gene expression using the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancer and a housekeeping gene promoter. | 2001 Jan |
|
Retinal detachment risk in cytomegalovirus retinitis related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 2001 Jan |
|
Ganciclovir-loaded albumin nanoparticles: characterization and in vitro release properties. | 2001 Jan |
|
Molecular mechanism for ganciclovir resistance in human T lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Virological, clinical, and ophthalmologic features of cytomegalovirus retinitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
Cidofovir for cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. The Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
Human beta-herpesvirus interactions in solid organ transplant recipients. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
Fatal primary infection due to human herpesvirus 6 variant A in a renal transplant recipient. | 2001 Jan 27 |
|
Toxic megacolon: remember cytomegalovirus. | 2001 Mar |
|
The real danger of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection in the immunocompromised host. | 2001 Mar |
|
Frosted branch angiitis in a child with HIV infection. | 2001 Mar |
|
New developments in the management of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after renal transplantation. | 2001 Mar |
|
Prophylaxis for CMV should not now replace pre-emptive therapy in solid organ transplantation. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
|
Top 1% of Inpatients Administered Antimicrobial Agents Comprising 50% of Expenditures: A Descriptive Study and Opportunities for Stewardship Intervention. | 2017 Mar |
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 16 16:17:59 UTC 2022
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 16 16:17:59 UTC 2022
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Record UNII |
02L083W284
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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-
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1556
Created by
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29575
Created by
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C281
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
7985
Created by
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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SUB02312MIG
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PRIMARY | |||
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Ganciclovir sodium
Created by
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DTXSID20883175
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82131
Created by
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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Z-46
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CHEMBL182
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DBSALT000309
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02L083W284
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PRIMARY | |||
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23700083
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107910-75-8
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02L083W284
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PRIMARY | |||
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C1588
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PRIMARY | |||
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M5663
Created by
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |